| Term | Definition |
|---|
| weak spot in the crust where magma comes to the surface | volcano |
| molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle | magma |
| magma that reaches the surface | lava |
| major belt of volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean | Ring of Fire |
| a string of islands caused by volcanoes | island arc |
| area where material from deep within the mantle rises then melts | hot spot |
| the resistance of a liquid to flowing | viscosity |
| a compound made up of particles of the elements oxygen and silicon | silica |
| fast-moving, hot lava | pahoehoe |
| cooler, slower moving lava | aa |
| a pocket of magma underneath the Earth's surface | magma chamber |
| long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber to the surface | pipe |
| an opening in a volcano where the molten rock and gas escape | vent |
| the area covered by lava as it pours out of a vent | lava flow |
| a bowl-shaped area that may form at the top of a volcano around a central vent | crater |
| an explosive eruption hurls out a mixture of hot gases, ash, cinders, and bombs | pyroclastic flow |
| low silica magma erupts from a volcano | quiet eruption |
| high silica magma clogs the pipe and causes this kind of eruption | explosive eruption |
| a volcano expected to awaken in the future and become active | dormant volcano |
| a volcano unlikely to ever erupt again | extinct volcan |
| wide, gently sloping volcano that usually has quiet eruptions | shield volcano |
| steep, cone shaped volcano that usually has explosive eruptions | cinder cone volcano |
| tall, cone-shaped volcano in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash | composite volcano |
| made of many layers of thin, runny lava that erupts from long cracks in the ground | lava plateau |
| huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain | caldera |
| forms when magma hardens in a volcanoes pipe | volcanic neck |
| forms when magma forces itself across rock layers and hardens | dike |
| forms when magma squeezes between horizontal layers of rock and hardens | sill |
| a mass of rock formed when a large magma chamber cools inside the crust | batholith |
| forms when an uplift pushes a batholith up above the surface | dome mountain |
| occurs when magma heats underground water | geothermal activity |
| formed when magma heats groundwater and the water rises and collects in a natural pool. | hot springs |
| a fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground | geyser |
| energy produced by | geothermal energy |
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