mcb2004 exam3
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Created by:
dabigdominican on May 31, 2011
Subjects:
microbiology for health professions
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91 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Virus size | smaller than cells |
| virus size | 0.2-0.3 |
| Nanometers | 1 nm=1000 |
| Capsid | structural subunits (protein) |
| Capsid | capsomere |
| Capsid | Nucleocaspid |
| capsid | enzymes |
| capsid | virus membrane(envelope) |
| capsid | self-assembly |
| virus symmetry | arrangement of protein subunits |
| virus symmetry | rod shaped(helical symmetry) |
| virus symmetry | spherical (icosahedral) |
| enveloped viruses | Membrane acquired while exiting host cells |
| enveloped viruses | Common in animal viruses |
| enveloped viruses | Important in host cell penetration |
| complex viruses | bacteriophage |
| virus properties | extracellular state (Virion), intracellular state |
| extracellular state | virion |
| extracellular state | Metabolically inert |
| extracellular state | Nucleic acid |
| extracellular state | Protein capsid |
| extracellular state | Envelope, if required |
| intracellular state | Infection |
| intracellular state | Takes over host's cell metabolism |
| intracellular state | Replication |
| mimivirus | contains both DNA and RNA |
| mimivirus | world's largest virus |
| mimivirus | infects protozoa |
| mimivirus | Infects humans (mild, resolvable pneumonia) |
| acellular infectious agent | viruses |
| acellular infectious agent | viroids |
| acellular infectious agent | prions |
| virus | genetic element with either DNA or RNA, but not both (except Mimivirus, Cytomegalovirus) |
| virus | obligate requirement to replicate inside a living cell |
| virus | has an extracellular state (virion) |
| viruses | living organism or life form? |
| reasons for study viruses | general biological interest |
| reasons for study viruses | medical |
| reasons for study viruses | economic |
| reasons for study viruses | biotechnology |
| virus enzymes | initiate early events of infectious process |
| virus enzymes | viral-encoded |
| viral-encoded | lysozyme |
| viral-encoded | nucleic acid polymerases |
| viral-encoded | reverse transcriptase |
| viral-encoded | neuraminidase |
| cell culture preparation | obtain tissue sample |
| cell culture preparation | mince, treat with enzyme in growth medium |
| cell culture preparation | place cell suspension in flask or plate |
| cell culture preparation | wait for monolayer to form |
| viral culture | add sample containing virus |
| viral culture | incubate |
| viral culture | observe for cytopathogenic effect(CPE) |
| cell cultures | preparation, viral culture, viral infectious unit |
| viral replication | attachment, penetration, virus restriction |
| viral replication attachment | receptors |
| viral replication attachment | cell or tissue specificity |
| viral replication penetration | permissive cells |
| viral replication penetration | envelope |
| viral replication penetration | injection |
| viral replication virus restriction | restriction endonucleases(bacteria) |
| viral replication virus restriction | viral defenses( glycosylation, methylation) |
| restriction endonucleases | bacteria |
| viral defenses | glycosylation, methylation |
| viral replication bacteriophage | virulent or temperate |
| viral replication bacteriophage | virulent bacteriophage T4 |
| first stage of viral replication | attachment (adsorption) |
| second stage of viral replication | penetration(injection) |
| third stage of viral replication | synthesis of nucleic acid and protein |
| fourth stage of viral replication | assembly and packaging |
| fifth stage of viral replication | release(lysis) |
| prokaroytic | bacteria and archeans |
| acellular | viruses, viroids, and prions |
| virions | complete virus particles that are very small and simple in structure |
| Prokaryotic cells | about 10 times smaller than eukaryotic cells |
| binary fission | the simple division of one cell into two cells, after DNA replication and the formation of a separating membrane and cell wall ;reproduction of procaryotic cells |
| cytoplasm | contains proteins and phospholipids |
| cell membrane | plasma or cytoplasmic |
| chromosome | consists of a single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecule, and serves as the control center of the bacterial cell |
| cytoplasm | consists of water, enzymes, dissolved oxygen, waste products, essential nutrients, carbohydrates, and lipids |
| cytoplasmic particles | site of protein synthesis polyribosomes, polysomes |
| bacterial cell wall | a complex macromolecular polymer known as peptidoglycan (muerin); many polysaccharide chains linked together by small peptide(protein) chains |
| glycoalyx | a slimy, gelatinous material produced by the cell membrane and secreted outside of the cell wall |
| capsule | highly organized and firmly attached to the cell wall; negative stain |
| flagella | threadlike, protein appendages that enable bacteria to move |
| pili | fimbriae; are hairlike structures, most often observed on gram-negative bacteria |
| endospores | bacterial spores |
| shapers of ecology | create oxygen |
| shapers of ecology | recycle carbon |
| taxonomy | the science of classification of living organisms |
| taxonomy | classification, nomenclature, and identification |
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