| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Trepanation | drilling a hole into brain |
| Phrenology | mapping behavior on brain |
| Temporal gyri | superior, middle, and inferior |
| Corpus callosum | axons linking the two hemispheres |
| cingulate gyrus | boundary of cingulate cortex, memory f(x) |
| Cuneate gyrus | above calcarine fissure |
| Lingual gyrus | below calcarine fissure |
| Rhinal fissure | separates parahipocampal gyrus |
| Parahipppocampal gyrus | important for memory f(x) |
| insular cortex | under frontal and temporal |
| Brodman's | cytoarchitectionics |
| neocortex | 6 layers |
| 85% of cortical neurons | pyramidal, GLU |
| Layer 1 neocortex | very few neurons, mostly axons |
| 15% of cortical neurons | non-pyramidal, GABA |
| local cortico-cortical connection | from one area to another |
| long range cortico-cortical connection | from one are to another |
| interhemispheric/callosal connection | generally homotopic areas |
| subcortical connection | thalamus, tectum, basal ganglia, limbic system |
| functional brain mapping | document behavioral change and pathology in the brain |
| Alternative function brain mapping | deliver a stimulus and examine areas with changes in activation |
| Brodman's areas | align with functional zones |
| Brodman's area 41 and 42 | Auditory cortex |
| Brodman's area 1, 2, and 3 | sensory cortex |
| Brodman's area 4 | motor cortex |
| Brodamn's area 17 | visual cortex |
| Brodman's area 34 | Gustatory coretx |
| homunculus, meaning | little man in brain |
| homunculus characteristics | more neurons devoted for fingers and face |
| Auditory cortex | contains a map of human sound spectrum |
| Auditory cortex sections | distinct neurons encode for particular sound frequencies |
| Auditory cortex section increase.. | binary |
| Cortical anatomy of speech, 1st | Auditory cortex |
| Cortical anatomy of speech, 2nd | Wernicke's area |
| Cortical anatomy of speech, 3rd | Angular gyrus |
| Cortical anatomy of speech, 4th | Broca's area |
| Cortical anatomy of speech, 5th | Motor cortex |
| Angular gyrus to Broca's area via | Arcuate fasciculus |
| Frontal lobe damage, name | Phineas Gage |
| Frontal lobe damage sx | behavioral changes |
| Lissencephaly | Reduction in number of sulci and gyrii, and fewer cortical lamina |
| Polymicrogyria | increase in number of small sulci and gyrii, can be hemispheric or region-specific |
| Malformations of Cortical development sx | cognitive impairment and epilepsy |
| Periventricular nodular heterotopia | nodules of cells found lining the ventricles |
| Subcortical band heterotopia a.k.a. | double-cortex syndrome |
| Subcortical band heterotopia | large accumulation of cells in the white matter |
| Microcephaly | reduced brain size with typical organization |
| Callosal agenesis | brain organization is often normal, but no corpus callosum |
| Savant dz | callosal agenesis |
Combine with other sets
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