Equine Murmurs
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Created by:
rjones6045 on June 1, 2011
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is the most useful dx test for murmurs? | US |
| Grading murmurs based on sound and intensity is? | reliable |
| Grade ______ murmurs are only heard on auscultation and are very faint. | 1 |
| Grade ____ murmurs are likely the softest ones you will hear. | 2 (grade one is almost silent) |
| Grade ____ murmurs are obvious and easy to detect w/ auscultation. | 3 |
| Grade _____ murmurs are easily detectable and heard over a large area. | 4 |
| Grade _____ murmurs produce a palpable thrill. | 5 |
| Grade ____ produce a thrill and can be heard w/ out auscultation. | 6 |
| Most murmurs and all pathological murmurs in horses are due to ______ and not ______. | regurg.; stenosis |
| If the murmur comes between s1 and s2 it is ________ and if it comes after s1 and s2 it is ______. | systolic; diastolic |
| Pan_____murmurs are heard during the pulse free interval. | pandiastolic |
| Pan ______ murmurs are heard during the pulse. (the opposite of the pulse free interval) | systolic |
| Murmurs in horses are ____ diastolic and systolic. | half and half |
| Aortic murmurs radiate ______. | downwards |
| Mitral murmurs radiate ______. | upwards |
| A LOUD systolic murmur heard on the left is probably? | mitral regurg |
| A LOUD diastolic murmur heard on the left is probably? | aortic regurg. |
| A MILD murmur heard on the left side in a fit race horse is probably? what is relevant about this? how can you be sure? | mitral regurg; can be normal in a racing animal via physiological hypertrophy keeping valves from closing all the way; if it goes away after exercise |
| The most common physiological murmur in a foal is? how long is it normal? | PDA; up to 7 days |
| When might a foal have a normal physiological murmur due to a PDA after 7 days? | when they are sick it might take longer to close |
| _____% of race horses have some sort of murmur. | 80% |
| The ECG is _____ for detection of murmurs. | s hit |
| Why are aortic flow murmurs physiological in the horse? | they are produced by the normal blood flow thru the aorta in a horse |
| Diastolic filling murmurs are ________ and sound like small clicks. They are grade 1 only. | physiological |
| Loud systolic murmurs, grade 4 or higher, that are very obvious are _______ in sick animals and will? | physiological; go away after the animal gets better |
| Which dz of the blood can cause murmurs? how? | anemia; changes in blood viscosity |
| Be careful to not confuse murmurs due to ______ with ones due to cardiac dz. | illness (colic, painful conditions) |
| Severely sick horses will generally have ______. | murmurs |
| What is the most common congenital cardiac defect in horses? | VSD |
| What is unique about the murmurs assoc. with VSD? | there are two; systolic murmur is on the right(due to relative pulmonic stenosis from excess blood coming from left to right) and left (thru defect) |
| T/F 1/2 of VSD's are small and asymptomatic. | T |
| VSD's cause _____ CHF. | right |
| mitral regurg. murmurs are heard on the _____ side of the animal. | left |
| Which murmur of horses causes the most problems? When are they not an issue? | mitral regurg; grade 3 or less |
| Mitral regurg. is a dz in horses older than? | 6yrs |
| When does mitral regurg. present w/ a sudden onset? | when chordae tendonae rupture |
| A grade 5 murmur w/ thrill due to mitral regurg. is always considered? | pathological |
| mitral regurg. causes _____ CHF. | left |
| What other pathology of the heart can be confused w/ mitral regurg.? | aortic flow murmurs |
| Mitral regurg. is mainly a problem in ______ horses and the changes are ______. | high performance/racing; degenrative |
| Which murmur is only a problem of horses 10+? | aortic regurg. |
| Which murmur is the only common cause of a diastolic murmur in horses? | aortic regurg. |
| T/F aortic regurg. is only heard on the left. | F; both sides |
| How do you know if aortic regurg. is severe? | if there are bounding pulses |
| What arrhythmia can be a sequelae of aortic regurg? | VPC |
| T/F the louder an aortic regurg. murmur is, the worse it is. | f; loudness is not an indicator of severity; use pulse to help determine severity |
| An aortic regurg. w/ a bounding pulse is clinically ______. | pathological |
| Valvular degeneration and endocardiosis are two causes of this murmur in older horses. | aortic regurg. |
| Which rare murmur causes v-tach due to hemorrhage into the intraventricular septum? | aortic root fistula; ruptured sinus of velselva |
| Which serious dz of older stallions usually causes death with in a year, but causes low grade murmurs? | aortic root fistula |
| What is one heart problem that can cause colic? | aortic root fistula |
| What is the tx for aortic root fistulas? | lidocaine; for symptoms; wont cure; dead in a year |
| Bacterial endocarditis will present how? | NOT as cardiac dz, but febrile dz |
| A febrile horse w/ wt.loss, and joint dz is most likely to have this cardiac pathology. | endocarditis |
| What is the dx, tx, and px for endocarditis in horses? | dx = ultrasound, tx = abx, px = poor |
| Crackles heard when auscultating the horse can indicates ______ CHF if the lungs are healthy. | left |
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