History Alive Medieval and Beyond Chapter 9
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davkitchin on June 1, 2011
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Chapter 9 Study Guide
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Shahadah | declaration of faith- there is no god but God and Muhammad is the messanger of God |
| Salat | One of the five pillars of Islam: praying 5 times a day (early morning, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, evening) |
| Zakat | Third Pillar of Islam, means almsgiving. Once every lunar year zakat requires a donation to charity representing a fixed portion of a Muslim's possessions, generally 2.5% of an individual's total net worth. |
| Siyam | The Fourth Pillar of faith, fasting (going without food). Entire month during Ramadan. Muslims fast from break to dawn. |
| Hajj | Fifth Pillar, is the pilgrimage to Mecca, which every adult Muslim is supposed to make at least once in his or her lifetime. |
| Mosque | (Islam) a Muslim place of worship |
| Qu'ran | Holy book of Islam |
| Sunnah | a collection of writings about the way Muhammad lived that provides a model for Muslims to follow |
| Ummah | Muslim community |
| Torah | (Judaism) the scroll of parchment on which the first five books of the Hebrew Scripture is written |
| Hadith | accounts of Muhammad's words or actions that are accepted as having authority for Muslims |
| muezzin | the Muslim official of a mosque who summons the faithful to prayer from a minaret five times a day |
| minaret | the tower attached to a mosque from which the muezzin, or crier, calls the faithful to prayer five times a day |
| imam | a leader of prayer in a mosque |
| qibla | The direction of Mecca (Makkah) |
| almsgiving | the giving of money, food, or other things to the needy or poor |
| Ramadan | The ninth month of the Islamic calendar. Ramadan was the month where God first revealed His message to Muhammad. Muslims fast from break to dawn. Holy month encourages generosity, equality, and charity. Muslims fast from break to dawn. |
| lunar calendar | calendar based on the phases of the moon |
| Eid-al-Fitr | end of Ramadan feast, literally, breaking of the fast |
| pilgrimage | A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes. Muslims travel to the city of Mecca |
| jihad | 93 Muslim struggle with external and internal challenges as they aim to please God. 101 Represent the human struggle to overcome difficulties and do things that would be pleasing to God |
| Lesser Jihad | the external struggles against oppression |
| Greater Jihad | struggle within yourself to do what is right and fight one's evil temptations |
| Obligated/ Obligatory | Islamic rules that are not optional and must be followed |
| shari'ah | the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed |
| qadi | An Islamic judge. They were responsible for keeping those under their authority in line with the law |
| mufti | someone that the qadi sometimes consults because he is a scholar of law |
| Muhammad | the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) |
| hijrah | Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina in A. D. 622; this event marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar |
| Prophet | a person who speaks or interprets for God to other people |
| Khadijah | Muhammad's Wife and one of the first to convert to Islam |
| Islam | the religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life |
| Ka'ba | ("cube") a pre-islamic cubed building in mecca believed by muslims to have been built by Abraham. It is the center of the Muslim Pilgrimage |
| Muslims | Followers of Islam |
| Clans | groups based on family ties |
| tribes | groups of related families loosely joined together |
| polytheist | a person who believes in more than one god |
| convert | a person who has been converted to another religious or political belief |
| boycott | a group's refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies |
| Medina | the second holiest city; where Muhammad lived after fleeing Mecca; first city to convert |
| Mecca | the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace |
| Siege | the surrounding of a place in order to force it to surrender |
| People of the Book | A term applied by Islamic governments to Muslims, Christians, and Jews in reference to the fact that all three religions had a holy book |
| Abu Talib | a wealthy clan leader who raised Muhammad when both his parents died when he was very young |
| Abu Bakr | first caliph after death of muhammad |
| Sunni (Muslim Majority) | a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad |
| Shi'a (Muslim Minority) | the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad; believe that only descendants of Muhammad should be Caliph |
| Cordoba, Spain | Capital City of Spain when Spain was held by Muslims |
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