Chapter 14- Mendel and Genetics
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Created by:
Matti_Karin on December 5, 2008
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Classes:
AP Biology MSA Santa Clara, AP Biology, AP Biology
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Character | A heritable feature, such as a flower color. |
| Trait | Each variant for a character, suc as purple or white color for flowers. |
| True-Breeding | When plants self-pollinate, all their offspring are of the same variety. |
| Hybridization | The mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties. |
| P Generation | The true-breeding parents. |
| F1 Generation | The hybrid offspring. |
| F2 Generation | The offspring of the self-polinating F1 Generation. |
| Alleles | Alternative versions of a gene. |
| Dominant Allele | The allele that is fully expressed in the organism's appearance. |
| Recessive Allele | The allele with no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance. |
| Law of Segregation | Mendel's first law, stating that allele pairs seperate during gamete formation, and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilzation. |
| Punnett Square | A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization. |
| Homozygous | An organism having a pair of identical alleles for a character. |
| Heterozygous | An organism having two different alleles for a gene. |
| Phenotype | An organism's traits |
| Genotype | An organism's genetic makeup. |
| Testcross | The breeding of a recessive homozygote with an organism of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype. |
| Monohybrids | The breeding experiments of a single character. |
| Dihybrids | The breeding experiements of two different characteristics. |
| Law of Independent Assortment | The independent segregation of each pair of alleles during gamete formation. |
| Incomplete Dominance | Where the F1 hybrids have an appearance somewhere in between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties. |
| Complete Dominance | The phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable. |
| Codominance | The two alleles affect the phenotype in seperate, distinguishable ways. |
| Pleiotropy | The ability of a gene to affect an organism in many ways. |
| Epistasis | A gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression a gene at a second locus. |
| Quantitative Characters | A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance). |
| Polygenic Inheritance | An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character. |
| Norm of Reaction | The range of phenotypic possibilites for a single genotype, as influneced by the environment. |
| Multifactorial | Many factors, both genetic and environmental, collectively influence phenotype. |
| Pedigree | The information about a particular trait assembled into a family tree describing the interrelationships of parents and children and children across generations. |
| Cystic Fibrosis | The most common lethal genetic disease in the United States. |
| Tay-Sachs Disease | A lethal disorder inherited as a recessive allele. |
| Sickle-Cell Disease | The most common inherited diesease among blacks. |
| Huntington's Disease | A degenerative disease of the nervous system. |
| Amniocentesis | A technique in a test that is able to determine if a developing fetus has Tay-Sachs disease. |
| Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) | A technique where a physician inserts a narrow tube through the cervix into the uterus and suctions out a tiny sampling of fetal tissue from the placenta. |
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