Final Exam
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Created by:
MrsGreen08 on June 2, 2011
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75 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 efficiency | the percentage of input work converted to output work |
| joule | the unit of work |
| mechanical advantage | the number of times the input work is multiplied by the machine |
| newton | the unit of force |
| work | a force exerted on an object that moves it in the same direction |
| friction | a force between objects |
| gear | two or more wheels linked together by interlocking teeth |
| inclined plane | a slanted plane |
| input force | the force applied by the user |
| output force | the force applied by the machine |
| lever | a rigid object that moves around a fixed point |
| pulley | a grooved wheel in combination with a rope or chain |
| screw | an inclined plane wrapped around a central cylinder |
| wedge | an inclined plane that moves |
| wheel and axle | two circular objects that rotate about a common axis |
| astronomical unit | the average distance between Earth and the sun |
| lunar eclipse | occurs when the moon passes through Earth's shadow |
| revolution | Earth's movement that relates to seasons |
| rotation | Earth's movement that causes day and night |
| solar eclipse | occurs when the moon moves in a line directly between Earth and the sun |
| density | the amount of matter per unit volume |
| matter | anything that takes up space and has volume |
| precession | a slow motion of Earth's axis |
| retrograde | the motion of planets when they appear to move eastward among the stars, then stop and reverse direction |
| volume | the amount of space matter takes up |
| ellipse | an oval |
| geocentric | earth-centered |
| heliocentric | sun-centered |
| waning | decreasing in size |
| waxing | increasing in size |
| asteroid | small irregularly shaped bodies |
| coma | the glowing head of a comet |
| comet | rocky, metallic pieces held togetherby frozen gases |
| nebula | a cloud of dust and gas |
| planetesimal | early planets |
| asteroid belt | located between Mars and Jupiter |
| Kuiper belt | located beyond Neptune |
| meteor | shooting stars |
| meteorite | a small particle that reaches Earth's surface |
| meteoroid | interplanetary debris |
| absorption spectrum | produced by passing light through a cool gas |
| continous spectrum | produced by incandescent lights |
| Doppler effect | an apparent change in frequency |
| electromagnetic spectrum | electromagnetic radiation |
| emission spectrum | a series of bright lines |
| aurora | solar radiation interacting with Earth's magnetic field |
| solar flare | a sudden and tremendous eruption in the solar surface that extends far outwards |
| solar wind | streams of protons and electrons ejected at high speed from the solar corona |
| nuclear fusion | the combining of nuclei |
| photon | a small packet of energy |
| absolute magnitude | the actual brightness of a star |
| apparent magnitude | the brightness of a star as viewed from Earth |
| light-year | the distance light travels in one year |
| nova | a star that explosively increases in brightness |
| pulsar | a source of regular radio pulses |
| big bang | the scientific theory explaining the origin of the universe |
| binary star | two stars revolving around a common center of mass |
| black hole | a massive star that has collapsed to such great density that its gravity prevents the escape of everything, including light |
| sunspot | a relatively dool area on the sun's surface |
| protostar | a collapsing cloud of gas and dust destined to become a star |
| neutron star | a star of extremely high density |
| red giant | a large, cool, bright star |
| supergiant | a very large, very bright, but relatively cool star |
| supernova | an exploding star that increases in brightness many thousands of times |
| white dwarf | a star that has exhausted most of its nuclear fuel, has collapsed to a very small size, and is believed to be near its final stage |
| compression | a squeezing force |
| convection | the circular rising of warmer fluids and sinking of cooler fluids |
| shearing | a sliding force |
| subduction | when one piece of crust is pushed below another |
| tension | a stretching force |
| convergent boundary | a fault line where two pieces of crust are colliding together |
| divergent boundary | a fault line where two pieces of crust are separating |
| transform boundary | a fault line whre two pieces of crust are sliding past each other |
| trench | found at convergent boundaries |
| ridge | found at divergent boundaries |
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