IB SL History Exam
About this set
Created by:
adamgrenadier10 Plus on June 3, 2011
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
131 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Brinkmanship | means to push an opponent into a dangerous situation or confrontation to force a desired outcome. |
| Resolution 242 | after six day war and calls for the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East. Includes isreal withdrawing from recently acquired territories and political independence for every state in the area. |
| USA | became an ally to Israel after the 1967 War |
| Zionism | is a movement to create a Jewish home in Palestine. It was founded so that Jews will find a home |
| Ottoman Empire | ruled the Middle East. The Ottoman Turks from the late 14th Century to the end of WWI ruled it. |
| Lehi | an acronym for freedom fighters for Israel. It was a radical armed Zionist group dedicated to the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine |
| Exodus | the Exodus is a cargo ship that transported Jewish refugees. It was soon intercepted by the British. |
| Holocaust | it was the killing of almost six million Jews by Nazis in WWII. It was located in Eastern Europe. |
| Sabra | Jewish people born in the state of Israel. They get this name because it is also a fruit, which is hard on the outside, but soft on the inside. |
| Biltmore Programme | In 1942, the Zionist policy that called for the immediate creation of a Jewish state in Palestine and an end to all limits on immigration.. was held at the biltmore hotel |
| Irgun | an extreme underground organization founded in 1931 after the split with Haganah. It means 'national military organization.' |
| Wailing Wall | the outer part of the sacred Jewish temple in Jerusalem, which was destroyed by the Romans in AD 70. It represents the only remaining part of Salomon's Temple. |
| Jewish Agency | a political organization established after the First World War to aid Jewish immigration intro Palestine. |
| UNSCOP (United Nations Special Committee on Palestine) | they created the 1917 partition plan (create a Jewish state and an Arab state.) |
| Kibbutz | community built by the pioneers who made Aliyah |
| Nakba (al-Nakba) | day of the catastrophe. Day that Israel was established. |
| Diaspora | the Jewish community living outside of Israel. |
| Yishuv | Jewish Community in Israel. |
| Arab League | Organization (1915), they promoted Arab affairs and cooperation. Joined with Arab States and performed a Jihad against the Jews. |
| Fatah | founded by Yasser Arafat in the 1950s. They wanted to liberate Palestine. |
| Aliyah | movement to Israel. Zionists and Pioneers make Aliyah. |
| Peel Report | named after the leader of the British Commission which met in 1937 and whose report recommended partition in Palestine. |
| Irgun | responsible for attack on King David Hotel. |
| British Mandate | controlled Palestine from WWI until Israel was established |
| Jihad | means "holy war" |
| Balfour Declaration | a resolution named after the British Foreign Secretary in 1917 calling for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. It was written by AJ Balfour. |
| Kibbutz | community built by the pioneers who made Aliyah. |
| White Paper | was issued by the British government in May 1939 proposing the creation of a single state in Palestine within ten years. Both Arabs and Jews rejected the White Paper. |
| Black September | the confrontation in 1970 between Jordan and members of the PLO, which led to the expulsion of that organization from the country. |
| Aswan Dam | a dam project across Lake Nasser to control the Nile in Egypt, built from 1960 with Soviet economic assistance. |
| Fedayeen | Arab armed militia groups whose purpose was to engage in guerilla activities against Israel. The name is from the Arabic term meaning 'self sacrifice." |
| Baghdad Pact | a defence treaty founded in 1955 containing a number of Middle Eastern states. |
| Dreyfus Affair | a political scandal in France, which followed the conviction for treason in November 1894 of Captain Dreyfus, a French officer, who was a Jew. He was later found innocent. |
| Détente | the term given to a period of relaxation developed in the early 1970s in the Cold War, from the French word meaning "release of tensions." |
| TE Lawrence | better known as Lawrence of Arabia, he was one of the most colorful personalities of the early 20th Century. Author, scholar, military strategist and an inspiration in the Arab uprising against the Ottoman Turks during the First World War, he became an international Celebrity. |
| AJ Balfour | he was a British prime minister and, for three years, Foreign Secretary in the UK's wartime government, in 1917, he wrote the Balfour Declaration. |
| David Ben Gurion | one of the Giants of Israel state from its creation and became its first leader in 1948. He was a staunch Zionist and chairman of the Jewish Agency before he entered politics, serving two terms as prime minister in 1948-53 and 1955-63 |
| Chaim Weizmann | first president of Israel when it became a state on May 14, 1948 in Tel Aviv. He was also a leader of the Zionist movement. |
| Gamal Abdul Nasser | can be regarded as one of the most important Arab political figures of the 20th century. He joined the army in 1937 and became politically active, founding the Free Officers Movement, which aimed to get rid of both the British and the king from Egypt. He promoted the theory of Arab Socialism. He was prime minister and president of Egypt. |
| Farouk | the king of Egypt before Nasser. In politics, he was an inept, corrupt and incompetent ruler, for whom many Egyptians felt nothing but contempt. |
| Sir Anthony Eden | he was a British prime minister and Foreign Secretary. |
| King Hussein | king of Jordan |
| Theodore Herzl | the father of Political Zionism, who is 1896, wrote Der Judenstaat ("The Jewish State"), in which he called for a safe haven for the Jews. In 1897 he organized the first Zionist Congress held in Basel, Switzerland. |
| Yasser Arafat | head of the PLO in 1969 and holder of the Nobel Prize for peace in 1994 was the best-known face of the Palestinians during the second half of the 20th century. He became one of the founders of Fatah. |
| Yonatan Netanyahu | he was the leader of the Entebbe Raid who was assassinated. |
| Moshe Dayan | he served as minister of defence in various Israeli governments between 1950 and the 1970s. He lost an eye in WWII and wore a black eye patch, which made him a recognizable figure in the diplomacy of the period. |
| Anwar Sadat | he was born in 1918 and served in the army and as a member of the Free Officer group. He was appointed vice-president by Nasser in 1964 but was considered by many to be a rather nondescript political figure when he suddenly became president on Nasser's death in 1970. |
| Menachem Begin | he was a fervent Zionist, Irgun member and leader of the opposition Likud party for almost 30 years before he became Israel's prime minister in 1977. |
| Sarajevo | Sarajevo is the Bosnia-Herzegovina capital. Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife went there on June 28, 1914 and they were both killed there. |
| Algeciras Conference | After President Roosevelt's accomplished attempts in bringing France and Germany to a conference to settle their Moroccan dispute, the conference was help at Algeciras on January 16,1906. Henry White, The American Representative, kept close contact with Roosevelt. |
| Anglo-French Entente (aka Entente Cordiale or 'cordial agreement') | was established in a hearing that was ended between Britain and France. It not purposely anti-German even though German policy in the Moroccan Crisis made the collaboration stronger between the French and British and led to the first Military Conversations. |
| Austro-Hungarian Empire | was established through the Ausgleich of 1867. Two halves of the Empire was to be a supreme ruler in their affairs, which were situated on the inside, and both were to have representative and ministries that were responsible. |
| Balkan Wars | Russia had a major part in causing Serbia and Bulgaria to create an alliance in February 1912 to keep from happening an Austrian advance southwards. When Italy took action towards Tripoli, both countries saw a chance to attack Turkey and split Macedonia between them. They were allied by Greece and Montenegro, in what became known as the Balkan League. |
| Boer War (1899 - 1902) | The Boer War was fought on a scale with no actions in the wars of Britain's African Empire. With costing Britain £250 million, 7,000 British lives were lost as well as 35,000 Boers who lost their lives as well. Most of the Boers who died were from diseases, which they developed, in the British concentration camps. |
| Black Hand | was a Serbian society that was secret; meaning 'Union or Death' was discovered in 1911. Its goal was to grant all of the Serbs living under foreign occupation and to put them into the Kingdom of Serbia. |
| Fashoda Incident | Tensions in 1898 in the town of Fashoda located on the White Nile in southeastern Sudan, in which a fight between British and French forces nearly brought the two countries into war. |
| Pan-Slavism | The name given to the many movements for closer union of peoples talking Slavic languages in the nineteenth century and early twentieth centuries. |
| Revolution of 1905 | Halpern displays how closely the progresses that led to the revolutions in 1905 and in 1917 were linked. The argues that the revolution in 1905 was just as bad a moment in the fall of Tsardom in Russia than the two revolutions in 1917. |
| Social Darwinism | Social Darwinism was used to make competitive individualism real and a market economy not regulated by government. It had an argument that only the tough and resourceful businesses and separate would thrive in an environment that was free. |
| Weltpolitik ('World Policy') | The origins of Weltpolitik are to be discovered in Social Darwinism, widespread at the time, which saw worldwide affairs as a struggle in which each state attempted to make the expenses of others strong. Germany began her Weltpolitik when a majority of her world had already been split up among the colonial powers, even Britain and France. |
| Militarism | building up armed forces and getting ready for war |
| Nationalism | love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it |
| Imperialism | A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially. This led to the creation of a number of European empires which extended around the world. |
| Assassination | Gavrilo Prinicip of the black hand killed Archduke of Austria Hungary, Francis Ferdinand. Kicked the Alliance System into Effect |
| Triple Entente | An alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia in the years before WWI. |
| Triple Alliance | An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI. |
| Battle of the Somme | first great offensive of the British in November 1916. July-November 1916 |
| Artillery | large-caliber weapons, such as cannons and missile launchers. |
| Battle of Verdun | longest battle of WWII which occurred from Feb-Dec 1916. |
| Industrialization | Advancements in transportation, communication and military |
| Stalemate | stalemate is a hold in progress, meaning that there is no progress at all and everyone is stuck in one place. |
| Lusitania | a ship that held 128 American passengers and was sunken by German troops. |
| Selective Service Act | was passed by the US Congress and required all men ages 21-30 to register for military service. |
| Alliances | bonds between countries to provide aide |
| Trench warfare | fighting with trenches. It had been used in Africa, Asia, and the Americans. |
| Front line trench | was located from 50 yards to 1 mile from the Germans front trench. |
| Reserve trench | was dug several hundred yards further back and contained men and supplies that were available in emergencies. |
| Support trench | with men and supplies that could immediately assist those on the front line |
| Communication trench | a trench that provides protected passage between the rear and front lines. |
| No mans land | the space between both trenches |
| Home Front | the front in Britain |
| Mutiny | an open rebellion against the proper authorities, esp. by soldiers or sailors against their officers |
| Battle of Ypres | October Oct-Nov 1914. Last German Major offensive until 1918. |
| Battle of Marne | September 1914. Allied halted, German advance, saving Paris from occupation |
| Battle of Gallipoli | April-December 1915. Failed attempt of the Allies to knock Turkey out of the war. |
| U-Boat | they are named after the German for "undersea boat". |
| Central Powers | another name for the Triple Alliance |
| Sussex Pledge | a promise made in 1916 during World War I by Germany to the United States prior to the latter's entry into the war. |
| Zimmerman Telegram | asked for Mexico's help in exchange for its lost southwest territory |
| Flanders Field | its between Belgium and north-west France |
| Attrition | gradually reducing the strength of the enemy. |
| Conscription | compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces. |
| Poison/mustard gas | German Scientists experimented with gas as a weapon. |
| 14 Points | Woodrow Wilson's peace plan, set out before war ended, helped bring it to and end because it helped Germans look forward to peace and be willing to surrender, was easy on the germans punishment for war. Points included: poeple all over the world are to determine their own fate, (self-determination)no colonial powers grabbing nations, free trade, no secret pacts, freedom of the seas, arms reduction, creation of world orginization/League of Nations. |
| Treaty of Versailles | with all of the provisions designed to blame Germany for the war, to reduce her territory, to confiscate her colonies, to limit her military and to collect reparations. |
| Disarmament | the reduction or withdrawal of military forces and weapons. |
| Demilitarize | remove all military forces from (an area) |
| War guilt | Germany had to accept blame for starting WWI |
| Bolshevism | a radical, revolutionary movement under the leadership of Lenin, which seized power in Russia in 1917. It promoted an anti-capitalist philosophy and supported world revolution and class warfare. |
| Schlieffen Plan | - the German General Staff's early 20th century overall strategic plan for victory in a possible future war where it might find itself fighting on two fronts: France to the west and Russia to the east |
| Mobilization | an act of assembling and making both troops and supplies ready for war. |
| Infantry | soldiers marching or fighting on foot |
| Total war | the whole world was involved and Germany took all of their colonies and got them involved as well. |
| Limited war | not that focused on defeating the enemy. |
| Guerilla warfare | when small groups use military tactics, such as ambushes, raids, sabotage, and the element of surprise. |
| Self-determination | the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government |
| League of Nations | Established in Jan. 1920 to maintain a peace. (US, Russia, and Germany not allowed to join.) |
| . Reparations- | Germany had to pay 6,600,000,000 for the damages and other allied losses. |
| Operation Barbarossa | The German invasion of Russia |
| Battle of Midway | Decisive US naval victory over the Japanese. |
| Blitzkrieg | Hitler's 'lightning war' |
| Pear Harbor | the Japanese bombed it |
| Phoney War | name given to the first few months of the war when Britain saw no military action. |
| Appeasement | giving in to someone provided their demands are seen as reasonable |
| Stalingrad | the first Russian victory over Germany |
| Elalamein | Allied desert Victory |
| Adolf Hitler | became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933. Also was a German dictator |
| Neville Chamberlain | British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940) |
| Winston Churchill | British statesman and leader during World War II. Opposed appeasement |
| Potsdam conference- | a meeting held in Potsdam in the summer of 1945 among U.S., Soviet, and British leaders that established principles for the Allied occupation of Germany following the end of World War II. |
| Truman Doctrine | President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology |
| Marshall Plan | a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952) |
| Berlin Airlift | airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin |
| NATO | an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries |
| containment | (military) the act of containing something or someone harmful |
| capitalist society | an economic system that depends on private investment and making a profit |
| Manhattan project | code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II |
| Harry Truman | president of the United States from 1945-1953. He created the Truman Doctrine. He decided to use nuclear weapons on Japan. |
| George Marshall | an American military leader, chief of staff of the army, secretary of state, and the third Secretary of Defense. He created the Marshall Plan. |
| George Kennan | an American advisor, diplomat, political scientist, and historian. He is best known as "the father of containment" |
| Vladimir Lenin | a Russian revolutionary, author, lawyer, economic theorist, political philosopher, creator of the Soviet Communist Party, leader of the 1917 October Revolution. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.