chapter 9, glencoe, The Dynamics Of Life
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Created by:
pamelaphillips Plus on June 3, 2011
Subjects:
Description:
Energy in a Cell
Classes:
Y.A.L.E. Faculty Editors, YALE Students
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ADP, adenosine diphosphate | molecule formed from the breaking off of a phosphate group from ATP; results in a release of energy that is used for biological reactions |
| ATP, adenosine triphosphate | energy storing molecule in cells composed of an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar and 3 phosphate groups energy is stored in the molecules chemical bonds and can be used quickly and easily by cells |
| Calvin Cycle | a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP; occurs in stroma of chloroplast |
| chlorophyll | green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis |
| electron transport chain | A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP. |
| light-dependent reactions | phase of photosynthesis where light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP; results in the splitting of water and release of oxygen; occurs in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast |
| light-independent reactions | phase of photosynthesis where energy form light dependent reactions is used to produced glucose and additional ATP molecules; occurs in stroma of chloroplast |
| NADP+ | one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules |
| photolysis | A reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast during light-dependant reactions where two molecules of water are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches; occurs in chloroplast |
| pigment | a colored chemical compound that absorbs light |
| aerobic | process that requires oxygen |
| alcoholic fermentation | Anaerobic process in which cells convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol; carried out by many bacteria and fungi such as yeasts |
| anaerobic | process that does not require oxygen |
| cellular respiration | process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen; releases carbon dioxide and water |
| citric acid cycle | A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the membranes of the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration. |
| glycolysis | the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy, 2ATP ; occurs in cytoplasm |
| lactic acid fermentation | The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid, CO2 not released; anaerobic respiration in animal cells and some bacterial cells, produces 2 ATP; occurs in cytoplasm |
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