Nervous System Overview
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Created by:
sbentley2889 on June 4, 2011
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Number of spinal cord segments / nerves | 31 |
| dorsal horn of spinal nerve | Grey matter. Two projections directed posteriorally |
| ventral horn of spinal nerve | white matter |
| White matter | myelinated nerve cell fibers, ascending and descending tracts, surrounds grey matter |
| grey matter | abundance of nerve cell bodies |
| dorsal rootlets | sensory fibers that carry afferent information into the spinal cord |
| ventral rootlets | motor fibers that carry efferent information from the neurons in the ventral horn out to the spinal nerve |
| composition of dorsal or ventral root of spinal nerve | convergence of rootlets |
| dorsal root ganglion | swelling associated with dorsal root due to aggregation of many nerve cell bodies (outside of CNS) |
| formation of Spinal nerve | convergence of dorsal and ventral root |
| spinal nerve physical characteristics | very short. divides almost immediately into dorsal / posterior ramus and ventral / anterior ramus |
| composition of rami | contains both sensory and motor fibers |
| structure of ventral rami throughout the cord | individual fibers in thoracic region, form plexuses elsewhere |
| structure of dorsal rami throughout cord | remain separate |
| composition of peripheral nerves from a plexus | contain nerve fibers from ventral rami of multiple spinal nerves |
| dermatomal innervation by individual spinal nerves | each nerve innervates a dermatome with some overlap between sections |
| general somatic afferent fibers | pain, temperature, touch, pressure, proprioception |
| general somatic efferent fibers | skeletal muscle |
| general visceral afferent fibers | distention of the gut, blood pressure, sensory info from hollow viscera and blood vessels |
| general visceral efferent fibers | convey motor info to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue |
| Location of general somatic afferent and general visceral afferent fibers | dorsal root ganglia |
| other name for sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system | thoracolumbar outflow |
| other name for parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system | craniosacral outflow |
| efferent pathway of autonomic nervous system | two neuron pathway. preganglionic cell sends out fiber that synapses on postganglionic cell. postganglionic cell sends out fiber that innervates target organ. |
| structure of GVE cell bodies in thoracolumbar outflow (sympathetic division) | intermedial lateral cell columns found in the lateral horn of spinal nerves T1 and L2/3 |
| synapse locations for preganglionic sympathetic fibers | paravertebral ganglia of sympathetic chain, prevertebral ganglia, chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla |
| 4 pathways for preganglionic sympathetic fibers | 1. ascend and then synapse 2. synapse at level of entry 3. descend and then synapse 4. pass through sympathetic trunk without synapsing to enter abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve |
| splanchnic nerves | preganglionic autonomic nerve fibers that are destined for viscera outside of the sympathetic chain. motor fibers and sensory fibers |
| location of GVE neuron cell bodies in the parasympathetic division (craniosacral outflow) | brainstem and sacral spinal cord |
| Where GVE fibers exit the brainstem | Cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, 10 |
| Where GVE fibers exit the sacral spinal cord and what they do after | via ventral rami of spinal nerves S 2 - 4 then branch to form pelvic splanchnic nerves |
| Where preganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse | otic, submandibular, pterygopalatine, and cilliary ganglia of the head or in or near the wall of the organ innervated. |
| pelvic splanchnic nerves | preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers that arise from spinal cord segments S2 - 4, pass to the ventral rami of S2 - 4 and then branch to form pelvic splanchnic nerves |
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