Social Studies Final 2011 7th grade
About this set
Created by:
Saucony on June 4, 2011
Subjects:
history, social studies, things i am going to ace
Description:
Social Studies final for the 7th grade 2011
Classes:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
109 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Electoral College | the body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice-president |
| Constitutional initiative | process by which citizens propose an amendment by petition |
| Popular Sovereignty | The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government |
| Civic Virtue | The dedication of citizens to the common wellfare of their community or country, even at the cost of their individual interests. |
| Civic Responsibilities | Obligations of citizens to take part in the governance of the school, community, tribe, state, or nation. |
| Supreme Court | the highest federal court in the United States |
| Why must we be a neutral nation during the early years? | because we were recovering from recent battles with the French and Spanish and that we were trying to become a more democratic nation. |
| Federalist Party | a major political party in the United States in the early 19th century |
| Frigate | a United States warship larger than a destroyer and smaller than a cruiser that was also quite fast. |
| Democrat Republican vs. federalist | another name for the anti-federalist, and the Federalists and the Democrat republicans both opposed each other. |
| Faction | An opposing group within a party. They did not normally last very long. |
| National Debt | the debt of the national government (as distinguished from the debts of individuals and businesses and political subdivisions). No U.S president has ever been able to take the nation out of national debt except for Andrew Jackson. |
| Presidential Cabinet | group of officials who head government departments and advise the president |
| Washington's precedents | 1) He established a cabinet. 2) He stayed in office for only two terms. 3) He remained neutral in terms of international affairs-this did not hold for all presidents, but certainly set an example. Also, he expressed his desire to be called mr. president instead of your highness. |
| Neutrality proclamation | Washington's declaration that the U.S. would not take sides after the French Revolution touched off a war between France and a coalition consisting primarily of England, Austria and Prussia. Washington's Proclamation was technically a violation of the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. |
| French Revolution | a 1789 rebellion in France that ended the French monarchy for a time; French civilians wanted more freedom but French government wasn't giving them it for a long time; French decided to completely go against their government and make them weak in case of war needs against their own government |
| Jefferson vs. Hamilton | Two conflicting political philosophies disagreed over: State vs Central governmen't, Standing Armies, National bank, Debt, and constructionism |
| Jay's Treaty | Was made up by John Jay. It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley. It also stated that the British could not attack neutral American ships. |
| Kentucky and Virginia revolutions | deceleration passed in 1798 and 1799 that claimed that each state has the right to decide whether a federal law is deemed unconstitutional withing a state's borders; this was a bad decision because it gave the states too much power; although it was a plan to give the states some role in the government, it ended up a fail |
| Whiskey Rebellion | In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion. |
| Judiciary Act | a 1789 law that created the structure of the Supreme Court and set up a system of district courts and circuit courts for the nation. This act is still used today in or own American government. |
| John Adams | 2nd President of the United States (1735-1826) He was liked as president, unlike his son, the 6th president. |
| Non intercourse act | an 1809 law that allowed Americans to carry or trade with all nations except for Britian and France |
| Jefferson's political beliefs | Thomas Jefferson favored poor farmers rather then rich business men. This was the major difference between him and John Adams, and is a huge part in why he won the election. John Adams didn't realize that most of the population was made up by the poor farmers. Although, Thomas Jefferson didn't believe in rights for women, this didn't impact his election because the only people that could vote were adult men who owned property. Also, in the Declaration of Independence where it stated that all men are created equal, it wasn't addressing women, children, or men that didn't own property. |
| Pinckney Treaty | 1795 - Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans |
| Tecumseh | A Shawnee chief who, along with his brother, Tenskwatawa, a religious leader known as The Prophet, worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. The league of tribes was defeated by an American army led by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. Tecumseh was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames in 1813. |
| Treaty of Greenville | treaty signed by some Native Americans in 1795, giving up land that would later become part of Ohio in exchange for $20000 and a promise of more money if they kept the peace; however, the money was never given to the Native Americans and then their was always friction between the two groups of people |
| War Hawks | members of Congress from the South and the West who called for war with Britain prior to the War of 1812; these men were pro-slavery plantation owners who wanted to have the slaves kept and spread throughout the country |
| War of 1812 | a war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France |
| Burning of Washington D.C | During the War of 1812, the British invaded Washington D.C and lit the White House on fire. Luckily, the president was not there, but his wife, the first lady, took the precious painting of Washington the president and important legal and diplomatic documents. |
| Fort McHenry | War of 1812 site where Francis Scott Key was held prisoner. As battle ranges outside, he penned the words of Star Springled Banner |
| Francis Scott Key | United States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812 |
| John Marshall | created the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power, especially the supreme court |
| Treaty of Ghent | peace treaty signed by Britain and the United States at the end of the War of 1812; this was a treaty that said that the British and the US have to be peaceful to each other form here on out and that they can't partake in any war with each other, but they can be war allies |
| Battle of Lake Erie | U.S. victory in the War of 1812, led by Oliver Hazard Perry: broke Britain's control of Lake Erie. |
| Battle of New Orleans | Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S. |
| Battle of Tippecanoe | 1811 Tecumseh and the Prophet attack, but General Harrison crushes them in this battle ends Tecumseh's attempt to unite all tribes in Mississippi. |
| Marbury vs. Madison | Case in which the supreme court first asserted the power of Judicial review in finding that the congressional statue expanding the Court's original jurisdiction was unconstitutional |
| Suffrage and its expansion | All white men under the age of 21 could vote even if they did not own property and they did not have to be catholic. |
| Whigs | members of John Quincy Adam's former National Republican Party. Included many businessmen, southern platers and former Federalists. The party later died out because it did not have many followers and they were not popular or strong after they were attacked by other forces and countries |
| Democrats | Political party lead by Andrew Jackson from 1828 to 1856. Campaigned against strong central government and fought to end elitism. |
| John Q. Adams vs. Jackson | the election of 1824 that was said to be corrupt by many of Jackson's followers. How it was corrupt was that people were changing the ballots. |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th president of the US; successfully defended New Orleans from the British in 1815; expanded the power of the presidency |
| Spoils System | the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power |
| Majority | In politics, 2/3 or more of the vote. |
| Kitchen Cabinet | an inner circle of unofficial advisors to the head of a government |
| Nullification | the act of nullifying- to nullify a law means to cancel it. you need 2/3 vote to cancel a law though. |
| Panic of 1837 | a series of financial failures that led to an economic depression |
| Cotton Gin | a machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers. It was very important to the industrial revolution. |
| Manufacturing and industrialization in the North | Part of the Industrial Revolution; also very important to the Northern economy. |
| Iron plow | a new technology that allowed for easier farming because the material was more efficient |
| Lightweight steel plow | newer and faster than the lightweight steel plow. It was slightly more effecient. |
| McCormick's Reaper | mechanized the harvest of grains, such as wheat, allowing farmers to cultivate larger plots; 1831; fueled the large-scale establishment of commercial agriculture in the Midwest |
| Telegraph | apparatus used to communicate at a distance over a wire (usually in Morse code) |
| Railroads | Networks of iron (later steel) rails on which steam (later electric or diesel) locomotives pulled long trains at high speeds. First railroads were built in England in the 1830s. Success caused a railroad building boom lasting into the 20th Century (704) |
| Immigrants of the 1840's | Germany-failed revolution and Ireland-potatoe famine |
| South Maintaining agricultural economy (especially cotton) | The South must maintain the cotton production. However, when the Civil War breaks out, the textile mills in the north will not take the cotton, therefor making the cotton plants worthless. |
| Nat Turner | United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia |
| South's population | During the times of the cotton gin, there was mostly slaves, only 2% free black and all of the others were free white men. |
| American Colonization society | A Society that thought slavery was bad. They would buy land in Africa and get free blacks to move there. One of these such colonies was made into what now is Liberia. Most sponsors just wanted to get blacks out of their country. |
| Abolitionists | people who believed that slavery should be against the law. They demanded the immediate end to slavery. |
| Discrimination | unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice |
| Second Great awakening | A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. |
| Dorothea Dix | A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War. |
| Transcendentalists | Followers of a belief which stressed self-reliance, self- culture, self-discipline, and that knowledge transcends instead of coming by reason. They promoted the belief of individualism and caused an array of humanitarian reforms. |
| Temperance Movement | an organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption |
| Edgar Allen Poe | United States writer and poet (1809-1849) He was part of the many reform movements of the 1800's |
| Emily Dickinson | United States poet noted for her mystical and unrhymed poems (1830-1886) She was also part of the many reform movements of the 1800's |
| Effects of the Missouri Compromise | Keep the balance in the Senate. Keep free states and slave states equal |
| Popular sovereignty in the 1840's in California | Fredrick Douglas wanted the people to decide wether they wanted to be part of the Union as a free state of a slave state in the 1840's. |
| bloody Kansas | As a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, people went to Kansas to vote on the issue of slavery. Many fights broke out between the opposition. |
| Jay Hawks vs. Border Ruffians | Jay Hawks did not want war, while the Border Ruffians wanted war because the people wanted to make border states, border states. |
| Lincoln vs. Douglas Debate | Douglas' reply to Lincoln = "Freeport Doctrine" (made Douglas a traitor to S)- qns already answered by Douglas & other Southerners Douglas won, but allowed Lincoln to arise in recognition. |
| Compromise of 1850 | Forestalled the Civil War by instating the Fugitive Slave Act , banning slave trade in DC, admitting California as a free state, splitting up the Texas territory, and instating popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | a novel published by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 which portrayed slavery as brutal and immoral |
| Dred Scott Decision | A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen. |
| Union Strengths in the Civil War | The Union had trained soldiers in the Army, while the south did not. The Union also had an established navy. |
| Union weaknesses | Most of the battles were fought on southern soil, not their own. Also, the Union did not have some of the brilliant generals (Lee and Jackson.) |
| Confederate weaknesses | The Confederates did not have a trained Army in the Civil War and they did not have an established Navy |
| Confederate Strengths | Most of the battles were fought on their own soil. Also, they had the two most brilliant generals in the war, Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee |
| Union Goals | To end slavery and to free the black people in the south. |
| Confederate Goals | To maintain slavery and to keep the blacks in their possession. |
| African Americans in the Civil War | African Americans were the reason of the Civil War. The people of the North and South decide wether they should be slaves or not. |
| 54th Massachusetts Regiment | one of the first African American Regiment organized in the North. Was led by a white northerner- was on the front lines at Fort Sumter and lost over 50% of its men. |
| Jefferson Davis | an American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865. He lost the Civil War. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free, although not in the border states, because they would join the CSA. |
| Deadly Infection | A sickness in the body that kills an entity. |
| Lack of medical treatment | most of the deaths in the Civil War were the result of poor conditions in their health resources, or because the never received the assistance they needed. |
| Lincoln's Goals for peace | Lincoln did not want so much bloodshed, he wanted a more peaceful solution and diplomatic one than the actual resolution- the bloodiest war in American history. |
| Battle of Shiloh | the second great battle of the American Civil War (1862) |
| Battle of Chancellorsville | The Union was defeated again with the Confederacy being led by Robert E. Lee. General Thomas Stonewall Jackson was accidentally killed here by one of his own men in friendly fire. |
| Battle of Gettysburg | The bloodies battle of the Civil War. It took place in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and took place for 3 days. In total, the number of casualties was 51,000 |
| Battle of Fredricksburg | an 1862 Civil War battle in Virginia; one of the Union's worst defeats |
| What are the powers of local governments | Schools, laws, and town rules such as where you can park. |
| Amendment 1 | freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition |
| Amendment 2 | right to bear arms |
| Amendment 3 | No forced quartering of soldiers in private homes |
| Amendment 4 | Protection from illegal searches & seizures |
| Amendment 5 | rights of the accused |
| Amendment 6 | Right to a Speedy Trial, and an impartial judge |
| Amendment 7 | right to trial by Jury in Civil Cases |
| Amendment 8 | no excesive bail, fine, or cruel/unusual punishment |
| Amendment 9 | Rights Retained by the People |
| Amendment 10 | Powers not given to the federal government belong to the state and the people. |
| Amendment 11 | Judicial Limits |
| Amendment 12 | separate ballots for President and Vice-President |
| Amendment 13 | abolition of slavery |
| Amendment 14 | rights of citizens: 1)all persons born in the united states are granted citizenship, 2) no state can deny any person the equal protection of the laws, 3)no state can deny any person life, liberty, property without due process of law |
| Amendment 15 | No denial of vote because of race, color, previous condition of servitude, No denial of vote because of race, color, previous condition of servitude |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.