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abiotic factors nonliving physical features of the environment such as water, soil composition, quantity of sunlight, temperature, salinity and pH. biotic factors living organisms in the environment, such as plants and animals. water cycle a model that describes how water moves from the surface of the earth to the atmosphere and back to the surface again. transpiration the process by which water is released into the air by plants. evaporation the change of liquid water into water vapor (gas) that goes into the atmosphere. condensation process of changing water vapor from a gas to liquid water. nitrogen cycle the transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms and back to the atmosphere. carbon cycle describes how carbon molecules move between the living and nonliving world. food chain a model used to show how energy passes from one living thing to another. food web a model used to show all of the possible feeding relationships in a community. It is made up of many different food chains. energy pyramid a graphical representation designed to show the amount of energy available at each feeding level in an ecosystem. primary consumers animals that are plant eaters (producers). secondary consumers animals that eat the primary consumers (fox that eats rabbits).