1.
-1: what charge does a fluorine ion have?
2.
-2: what charge does an oxygen ion have?
3.
-2: what charge would an atom have if it gained 2 electrons?
4.
(H+): which part of the chemical formula will tell you that the compound is an acid?
5.
(OH-): which part of the chemical formula will tell you that the compound is a base?
6.
+2: what charge does a magnesium ion have?
7.
+3: what charge does an aluminum ion have?
8.
+3: what charge would an atom have if it lost 3 electrons?
9.
1: which pH would be associated with a strong acid (1, 5, 9, 14)?
10.
1 amu: what is the mass of a neutron?
11.
1/1836 amu: what is the mass of an electron?
12.
2: how many valence electrons does Helium have?
13.
2: how many electrons can be held in the 1st energy level?
14.
3: how many valence electrons does Aluminum have?
15.
8: how many electrons can be held in the 2nd energy level?
16.
9: which pH would be associated with a weak base (1, 5, 9, 14)?
17.
18: how many electrons can be held in the 3rd energy level?
18.
acid: a substance that ionizes in water to produce (H+) ions
19.
acid: is milk an acid or a base?
20.
acid and base: reactants of a neutralization reaction
21.
Actinides: the set of transition metals that are radioactive
22.
activation energy: the energy needed to start a chemical reaction
23.
Alkali Metals: family that tends to lose one valence electron
24.
Alkaline Earth Metals: family that has two valence electrons
25.
alloy: a solid solution of metals or nonmetals dissolved in metals
26.
atom: a building block of matter
27.
atomic mass: the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
28.
atomic number: equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
29.
B, Si, As, Te, Sb, Ge: the chemical symbols of the 6 metalloids
30.
base: a substance that ionizes to produce (OH-) ions
31.
base: is milk of magnesia an acid or a base?
32.
blue: what color would a solution of window cleaner turn litmus paper?
33.
blue: what color would pH paper turn in soap?
34.
blue: what color would a solution of ammonia turn litmus paper?
35.
Bohr's Theory: In an atom, electrons are located in energy levels that are a certain distance away from the nucleus.
36.
Bohr's Theory: Electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus, like planets circle the sun.
37.
catalyst: a substance that changes the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed
38.
chemical bond: a force of attraction that holds two or more atoms together
39.
chemical bonding: the joining of atoms to form new substances
40.
chemical equation: a statement that uses symbols, formulas and numbers to stand for a chemical reaction
41.
chemical reaction: a chemical change in which elements are combined or rearranged
42.
chemical symbol: an abbreviation for an element name
43.
coefficient: a number placed before a chemical formula in a chemical equation that tells how many molecules of a compound are present
44.
colloid: a mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out
45.
colloids, suspensions and solutions: the three types of mixtures
46.
compound: a substance formed when atoms of two or more elements join together
47.
condensation: the change of a substance from a gas to a liquid
48.
covalent: shared electrons are associated with which type of bond?
49.
covalent bond: the force of attraction between the nuclei of atoms and the electrons shared by the atoms
50.
crystal lattice: a repeating three-dimensional pattern of ions
51.
Dalton's Theory: Atoms of the same element are exactly alike, and atoms of different elements are different.
52.
Dalton's Theory: Atoms are always moving and are capable of joining together.
53.
decomposition: a reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more simple substances
54.
decomposition: the opposite of a synthesis reaction
55.
decomposition: type of reaction electrolysis is used for
56.
Democritus's Theory: All elements are composed of atoms, which cannot be created, destroyed, or divided.
57.
Democritus's Theory: Matter cannot be divided into smaller and smaller pieces forever. Eventually the smallest piece, called an atom, will be reached.
58.
deposition: the change of a substance from a gas to a solid
59.
diatomic element: an element that is capable of covalently bonding two of that same element's atoms together in a molecule
60.
diatomic molecule: an ion made of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded together that act like a single ion
61.
double replacement reaction: a reaction in which the elements in two compounds are exchanged
62.
electric current: the energy source for electrolysis
63.
electrolyte: a substance whose water solution conducts an electric current
64.
electromagnetic force: force responsible for the attraction between subatomic particles (ex. protons are attracted to neutrons)
65.
electron: a negatively charged particle in an atom
66.
electron cloud: the region outside of the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found
67.
electron-dot diagram: a representation where the chemical symbol represents the nucleus and a series of dots represents the valence electrons
68.
element: matter that has only one kind of atom
69.
elements and compounds: the two types of pure substances
70.
endothermic reaction: a reaction in which energy is absorbed
71.
enzyme: a protein that speeds up a specific biochemical reaction (biological catalyst)
72.
evaporation: the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
73.
exothermic reaction: a reaction in which energy is released
74.
freezing: the change of a substance from a liquid to a solid
75.
gain: do nonmetals tend to lose or gain electrons?
76.
gain: the process of melting, evaporation and sublimation require that the particles _____ energy
77.
group: a column on the periodic table
78.
group 5: in what group is Arsenic found?
79.
Halogens: family that tends to gain one valence electron
80.
increase temperature: What is one way to increase the speed at which a substance dissolves?
81.
indicator: a substance that changes colors in acids and bases
82.
inhibitor: a substance that slows down a chemical reaction
83.
insoluble: when one substance cannot be dissolved in another (like oil in water)
84.
ionic: transferred electrons are associated with which type of bond?
85.
ionic: what type of compound would have a high melting point and would be solid, brittle and hard?
86.
ionic bond: the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
87.
ions: charged particles that form during chemical changes when one or more valence electrons transfer from one atom to another
88.
isotopes: atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
89.
isotopes: Atom A has 5 protons and 6 neutrons. Atom B has 5 protons and 5 neutrons. What are atoms A and B called?
90.
Kinetic Theory: states that the higher input of energy, the faster the particles that make up a substance move
91.
Lanthanides: the set of transition metals that are shiny and found in the first row of the periodic table
92.
Law of Conservation of Energy: states that the total amount of energy in a system is constant
93.
Law of Conservation of Mass: states that matter cannot be created or destroyed
94.
left of the arrow: where are reactants found in a chemical equation/
95.
left of the zig-zag line: where would you find the metals?
96.
let the water evaporate: how would you seperate sugar from water?
97.
lose: the process of freezing, condensation and deposition require that the particles ______ energy
98.
lose: do metals tend to lose or gain electrons?
99.
matter: anything that has mass and volume
100.
melting: the change of a substance from a solid to a liquid
101.
Mendleev: arranged the periodic table by increasing atomic mass
102.
metallic: when electrons are free to move from one atom to the next, what type of bond are they most likely involved in?
103.
metallic bond: the force of attraction between a positively charged metal ion and the electrons in a metal
104.
mixture: a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
105.
model: a picture, an idea, or an object that is built to explain how something else looks or works
106.
Modern Theory: An atom has a nucleus surrounded by a large region, where the most likely location for an electron can be found.
107.
molecule: consists of two atoms of the same element covalently bonded together
108.
molecule: the smallest particle of a compound that still has all the properties of that compound
109.
Mosely: arranged the periodic table by increasing atomic number
110.
N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, At: what are the 7 diatomic ions?
111.
negative: what type of ion (positive or negative) do nonmetals form?
112.
neutralization: a reaction in which an acid combines with a base to form salt and water
113.
neutron: a particle in the nucleus that has no charge
114.
Nitrogen Family: what family has 5 valence electrons?
115.
Noble Gases: a family of unreactive elements
116.
nucleus: the central part of an atom
117.
orange: what color would pH paper turn in water?
118.
period: a row on the periodic table
119.
period 1: in what period is Helium found?
120.
period 7: in what period is Neptunium found?
121.
periodic: having a regular, repeating pattern
122.
Periodic Law: says that the chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
123.
pH: a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
124.
pink-red: what color would a solution of pop turn litmus paper?
125.
plasma: a mixture of positive ions and free electrons
126.
Polyatomic Ion: a neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
127.
positive: what type of ion (positive or negative) do metals form?
128.
precipate: a solid that settles to the bottom of a mixture
129.
product: a substance that is formed in a chemical reaction
130.
product: a substance that is changed in a chemical reaction
131.
proton: a positively charged atom in the nucleus of an atom
132.
pure substance: a substance in which there is only one type of particle
133.
reactive: when an atom is capable of taking, giving, or sharing electrons to form a chemical bond with another atom
134.
red: what color would pH paper turn in lemon juice?
135.
Rutherford's Theory: An atom is mostly empty space with a dense, positively charged nucleus.
136.
salt: a compound formed from the positive ion of a base and the negative ion of an acid
137.
salt and water: products of a neutralization reaction
138.
sift the sand out: How would you seperate sand from water?
139.
single replacement reaction: a reaction in which one element replaces another in a compound
140.
slower: at the same temperature, more massive particles move _____ than less massive particles
141.
solid: particles in a(n) _____ state of matter have less energy than liquids
142.
soluble: when one substance can be dissolved in another (like sugar in water)
143.
solute: the substance being dissolved
144.
solution: a mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed of particles of two or more substances that are distributed evenly amongst each other
145.
solvent: the substance that is doing the dissolving
146.
strong force: force that holds the electrons in place around the nucleus
147.
sublimation: the change of a substance from a solid to a gas
148.
subscript: a number placed to the right of a chemical symbol that tells how many atoms of an element are present
149.
suspension: a mixture in which particles of a material are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas but are large enough that they settle out
150.
synthesis: a reaction in which elements combine to form a compound
151.
Thomson's Theory: Atoms are divisible (made up of subatomic particles).
152.
Thomson's Theory: An atom is made up of a positively charged pudding-like material, throughout which electrons can be found.
153.
transition metals: set of metals found in groups 3-12
154.
valence electrons: the subatomic particles involved in forming chemical bonds
155.
valence electrons: the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom
