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Velocity the speed and direction of an object acceleration A change in velocity momentum the property of all moving objects newtons first law an object in motion will stay in motion and an object in rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force newtons second law the relationship betweeen acceleration, force and mass formula for newtons second law force = mass x acceleration newtons third law for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction formula for momentum momentum = mass x acceleration formula for acceleration change in velocity ( final velocity - initial velocity) / time units for acceleration m/s/s units for momentum kg-m/s conservation of momentum total momentum of an isolated system always remains the same potential energy stored energy energy the ability to make something happen. There are two general kinds of energy. there is potential energy,and kinetic energy. kinetic energy energy in motion mechanical energy the energy in moving things electrical energy energy in the form of moving charges electromagnetic energy a form of energy that is visible, also called radiant energy heat energy the energy of moving particles that make up matter chemical energy the energy thatholds particles of matter together nuclear energy energy stored in the nucleus of an atom released when atom is split work when a force moves an object a certain distance units of work joule power the amount of work done per unit of time units of power watt simple machine a device that makes doing work easier lever a bar that is free to turn around a fixed point called a fulcrum inclined plane a simple machine for elevating objects wheel and axle hoist so arranged that a rope unwinding from a wheel is wound onto a cylindrical drum or shaft coaxial with the wheel pulley a simple machine consisting of a wheel with a groove in which a rope can run to change the direction or point of application of a force applied to the rope screw a , inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder wedge something solid that is usable as an inclined plane (shaped like a V) that can be pushed between two things to separate them resistance what machines have to overcome effort what is used to overcome resistance