Laws of Science
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5 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Archimedes' principle | Any floating object displaces its own weight of fluid |
| Kepler's laws of planetary motion | The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci. A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit. |
| Newton's laws of motion | First law: Every body remains in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force. This means that in the absence of a non-zero net force, the center of mass of a body either remains at rest, or moves at a constant velocity. Second law: A body of mass m subject to a net force F undergoes an acceleration a that has the same direction as the force and a magnitude that is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass, i.e., F = ma. Alternatively, the total force applied on a body is equal to the time derivative of linear momentum of the body. Third law: The mutual forces of action and reaction between two bodies are equal, opposite and collinear. This means that whenever a first body exerts a force F on a second body, the second body exerts a force −F on the first body. F and −F are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. This law is sometimes referred to as the action-reaction law, with F called the "action" and −F the "reaction". The action and the reaction are simultaneous. |
| Euler's laws of motion | first law states that the linear momentum of a body, G is equal to the product of the mass of the body and the velocity of its center of mass: G = vc second law states that the rate of change of angular momentum about a point, d(H)/dt , is equal to the sum of the external moments about that point: M = d(H)/dt |
| Newton's law of universal gravitation | Every point mass attracts every single other point mass by a force pointing along the line intersecting both points. The force is proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them: F = G((m1m2)/{r^2}) , where: F is the force between the masses, G is the gravitational constant, m1 is the first mass, m2 is the second mass, and r is the distance between the masses. |
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