| Term | Definition |
| irrigation system | a way to supply dry land with water |
| city-state | an ancient city that was like a small country with its own government |
| craftsperson | a person who makes art |
| technology | the use of tools and other inventions for practical purposes |
| scribe | a person who writes (as his/her job) |
| civilization | a society with art, technology, government, a stable food supply, religion, writing and social structure |
| characteristic | a feature or part of something that helps you identify it |
| social structure | a system for dividing up the jobs, status and power within a society |
| culture | the beliefs and behaviors of a group of people |