chem chapter 7
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Created by:
mayrag04 on June 7, 2011
Subjects:
covalent bonds an molecular structure
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ionization energy | energy input required to remove an electron |
| ionization energy on PT | IE decreases going down and from right to left |
| electrostatics | stabilized by charge attractions |
| lattice energy | stabilization of ionic solids |
| naming ionic solids | 1. always name the + ion first 2. then a -ion with -ide ending ex. oxide, chloride, nitride 3. if more than 1 of either type, alphabetical order |
| electronegativity on PT | increases from left to right and decreases from top to bottom |
| ionic bonds | electron transfer from electropositive atom to electronegative atom -giving 2 atoms -change of electronegativity greater than or equal to 2 -Na+ -Cl- |
| covalent bonds | 2 electrons shared equally between 2 atoms in a bond -change of electronegativey is less than of equal to 0.5 C-H,O=O |
| polar bonds | unequal sharing of electrons in a bond between 2 atoms -0.5<change electronetativity<2 |
| electronegativity | the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract the shared electrons in a covalent bond. |
| electron affinity | measure of the tendency of an isolated atom to gain electron |
| rules to ionic bonds | apply to atomic ions, not polyatomic ions 1. metals will lose electrons -what distinguishes metals from nonmetals: *metals conduct heat/electricity *can make wires out of metal(ductility) *metals are malleable (if you hit it, it will not shatter) *metal luster 2. non-metals tend to gain electrons 3. for main group elements (s or p orbital valence electron) adopt electron configuration of the nearest noble gas. |
| column 1 of PT | alkali metals-->+1 |
| column 2 of PT | alkali earth metals->+2 |
| column 3 of PT | boron group-->+3 |
| column 7A | halogens -->-1 |
| column 8A | noble gases --> 0 |
| electron-dot structures | lewis structures. show the sharing of electrons between atoms in covalent or polar covalent bonds 1. identify number of valence electron atom has 2. connect dots to make compound or molecules |
| usually form one bond | hydrogen and the halogens |
| free radicals | at least one unpaired electron -chemically unstable=reactive |
| resonance structures | Lewis structures that have the same arrangement of atoms in a molecule but differ in the distribution of electrons among the atoms. |
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