Bio Final
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Created by:
soccachick1295 on June 8, 2011
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148 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 porifera | spongebob |
| nematoda | roundworms |
| mollusks | clams |
| cnidarian | coral |
| amphibian | toads |
| mammals | whales |
| fish | rays |
| reptile | turtles |
| aves | penguins |
| platy helminthes | flatworms |
| mammals | humans |
| anelida | earthworms |
| echinoderm | sea cucumber |
| mollusk | squid |
| arthropoda | bees |
| marsupial | koala |
| placental | animal attached to mother by vascular nutrient system |
| monotreme | platypus |
| marsupial | kangaroo |
| monotreme | animal egg is in a layer |
| placental | human (type of mammal) |
| marsupial | animal develops in a pouch |
| invertebrae | sea star ( V or I ) |
| vertebrae | toad ( V or I ) |
| invertebrae | clam ( V or I ) |
| vertebrae | salamander ( V or I ) |
| invertebrae | Ascaris (tape worm) V or I |
| fish | have a lateral line system |
| cnidarians | nematocysts (stinging cells) |
| aves | have a constant body temperature |
| mammals | have fur |
| reptiles | have thick scaly skin |
| aves | have a very extensive and efficient air sac system |
| fish | have gills |
| salmon | this fish is bony |
| hagfish | this fish is jawless |
| shark | this fish is cartilaginous |
| mimicry | enables a species to resemble another species (flies and yellow jackets) |
| camouflage | enables a species to blend with its surroundings (chameleon) |
| physiologic change | change you cannot see (MSRA resistance) |
| stabilizing selection | favors the average population (brunettes and blondes are average and redheads are extremes) |
| directional selection | favors a specific directions (one extreme) (the beak of a bird) |
| disruptive selection | favors extremes of the population (both extremes) (two new species) |
| homologous structures | (forelimbs of whales, crocs, and bird wings) |
| analogous structures | (insect wings and bird wings) |
| vestigial structure | appendix in the human |
| biochemical evidence | amino acid sequences (human and chimps 98% of the same amino acids) |
| embryologic evidence | earliest stage of development; embryos look similar (tail and gill slits can be seen in fish) (birds and rabbits and mammals) |
| incomplete | the fossil record is... |
| genetic drift | affects smaller populations much more than it does larger populations |
| individuals | populations evolve; NOT ... |
| survival of the fittest | a means of natural selection conceived of as a struggle for life in which only those organisms best adapted to existing conditions are able to survive and reproduce |
| genetic drift | refers to the alteration of genetic equilibrium by chance |
| allelic frequency | the percentage of any specific allele in the gene pool |
| polyploidy | the change in chromosome number that results in the evolution of a particular species |
| speciation | the evolution of a new species occurs when members of a similar populations no longer interbreed to produce fertile offspring within their environment |
| geographical isolation | separation (can be caused by natural things of species such as hurricanes) |
| reproductive isolation | chromosomes are too different to reproduce |
| heredity | the passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring |
| phenotype | the way a person looks, physical expression (tall or short) |
| genotype | the genetic makeup (Tt TT or tt) |
| allele | the alternative form of the gene (T or t) |
| phenotypes | mendel cross pollinated the pea plants to see what would happen to the ... |
| homozygous | the condition where both alleles of a pair are alike (TT or tt) |
| heterozygous | the condition where both alleles of a pair are different (Tt) |
| monohybrid cross | cross between individuals that involves one trait like shape only- round/ wrinkle |
| dihybrid cross | cross between individuals that involve two traits at the same time like shape and color (round/ wrinkle or yellow/ green) |
| tt | a short pea plant would be.. |
| TT or Tt | a tall pea plant could be.. |
| dominant | masks the effects of the recessive |
| all of the plants were tall in the F1 generation | what happened when Mendel crossed a tall and short pea plant? (TT X tt) |
| diploid | the human body cells are |
| haploid | sex cells (gametes) are |
| 23 sets | number of chromosome sets |
| autosomes | 22 of 23 chromosomes are |
| mutation | a random change in DNA sequence |
| Tay Sachs disease | simple autosomal recessive (Tt X Tt) |
| pink snap dragons | incomplete dominance (R'R' X RR) |
| Huntington's disease | simple autosomal dominance |
| multiple phenotypes | blue and chocolate colored pigeons |
| simple dominance | tongue rolling, hitchhikers thumb, hapsburg lip |
| Sex linked | Hemophilia is this type of blood disease |
| trisomy 21 | down syndrome is known as |
| double stranded | DNA is (double or single) stranded |
| single stranded | RNA is (double or single) stranded |
| messenger, transfer, and ribosomal | three types of RNA are |
| codon | the mRNA has a |
| anticodon | the tRNA has a |
| rRNA | contains ribose sugar and uracil |
| DNA | contains deoxyribose (sugar) and does not have uracil |
| Darwin | a naturalist who came up with nautral selection, a mechanism for the change in the population |
| hooke | "cork" |
| mendel | "the father of genetics" |
| punnett | created the punnett square |
| watson and crick | first to describe the double helix structure of DNA |
| coccyx | your tailbone is known as your... |
| 206 | number of bones in the body |
| amino acids | the building blocks of proteins |
| liver | the organ that makes bile and detoxifies harmful substances |
| 32 | number of permanent teeth in the mouth |
| absorb water | the large intestines function is to... |
| enzymes | chemical digestion involves the use of |
| amylase trypsin and lipase | the pancreas makes these three enzymes |
| stomach | protein digestion begins in the |
| gallbladder | bile is stored in the |
| duodenum and jejunum | nutrient absorption takes place in the (2 small intestine parts) |
| mouth | carbohydrate digestion begins in the |
| lipase and bile | lipids are digested by the action of |
| cecum ascending transverse descending sigmoid | the correct order of the large intestines is |
| epiglottis | the flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the respiratory tract |
| oxygenated | the aorta is |
| oxygenated | the pulmonary vein is |
| oxygenated | the left atrium is |
| oxygenated | the left ventricle is |
| oxygenated | the aortic valve is |
| oxygenated | the bicuspid (mitral) valve is |
| deoxygenated | the vena cava is |
| deoxygenated | the pulmonary artery is |
| deoxygenated | the right atrium is |
| deoxygenated | the right ventricle is |
| deoxygenated | the pulmonic valve is |
| deoxygenated | the tricuspid valve is |
| dendrites | transmit nerve impulses from other cells or sensory systems |
| axon | provide for the transmission of nerve impulses Away from the cell body |
| myelin sheath | increases the speed of impulses and is made up of lipids |
| axon terminals | release neurotransmitters |
| neurotransmitters | activates the dendrites and passes information and is located in the synapse |
| thryoid gland | where does thyroxine come from? |
| adrenal gland | where does cortisol come from? |
| anterior pituitary gland | where does the growth hormone come from? |
| thyroid gland | where does parathyroid hormone come from? |
| pineal gland | where does estrogen come from? |
| pituitary gland | which gland is the master gland? |
| pancreas | which gland secretes hormones that regulate your blood glucose |
| thyroid gland | which gland secretes a hormone that lowers calcium levels? |
| thymus | which gland secretes a hormone that helps your immune system? |
| a leaf- like flower organ at the top of the flower stem | What is a petal? |
| Receives the pollen | What does the stigma do? |
| Stalk that connects the stigma to the ovary in which ovules grow | what is the style |
| the bottom portion of a flower's pistil that contains one or more ovules each containing one egg | what is the ovary |
| produces eggs | ovule |
| the flower stem | what is the peduncle |
| leaf- like, green structure that encircles the top of a flower stem below the petals | what is a sepal |
| outermost whorl of a flower that contains sepals | what is the calyx |
| think stalk that produces pollen | what is filament |
| produces pollen and is at the top of the flower's stamen | anther |
| homologous structures | similar ancestral background with perhaps the same functions |
| analogous structures | may not have the same ancestral background but their functions are the same |
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