The Brain
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12 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The brain | has 4 main parts -The brain stem -The diencephalon -The cerebellum -The cerebrum |
| The cerebrum | Largest portion of the brain •It is the central processing center where learning, remembering and activity planning takes place •Home of logic and skills |
| The surface of the cerebrum | The surface of the cerebrum has creases (sulci) that are separated by individual raised portions called gyri •The surface is composed of gray matter •The cerebral cortex is responsible for sensations, voluntary movements and thought |
| Cerebral hemisheres | •Information is passed from one area of the brain to another via tracts of white matter •The cerebral hemispheres are homes of logic and artistry •Vision is interpreted in the occipital lobe •The frontal lobe is involved in conscious thought processes •Broca's area governs the formation of words |
| The left and right cerebral hemispheres are distinct | -The right analyzes sensory input, recognizes faces, and functions in spatial relationships -The left includes general language interpretation and speech, controls writing and speaking, categorizes items and makes logical decisions |
| The cortex | has motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas that integrate new information with stored information -The primary motor area formulates voluntary motor commands |
| diencephalan | A relay center for sensory information and motor responses •Centers for visual and auditory startle reflexes are located here •The thalamus (receives sensory inputs) and hypothalamus (endocrine) are located here |
| Diecephalan2 | •The limbic system communicates with the anterior portion of the thalamus and is responsible for emotions •The hypothalamus secretes hormones, regulates circadian rhythm, body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure and controls smooth muscle contraction |
| Brain Stem | The ancient root of life •Made up of the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and the pons •Contains vital centers that regulate heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure •Houses reflex centers for sneezing, coughing, hiccupping and swallowing |
| Cerebellum | Focuses on muscles and movement •Maintains muscle tone, posture and balance •Fine tunes conscious and unconscious movements directed by the cerebrum •Important in learning motor skills -Riding a bike -Taking notes in class •Important in proprioception -Knowing where the body is in space |
| Learning | does not exist in a vacuum -The brains ability to learn is related to what else is going on -Fight or flight conditions drastically reduce the ability to learn •Learning is a type of memory -both play a critical role at both ends of life |
| Memory | •occurs in three phases -Immediate memory -Short-term memory -Long-term memory |
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