| Term | Definition |
| Vertebral Column | 26 irregular bones |
| Cervicle vertebrae | 7 bones of the neck |
| Thoracic vertebrae | 12 bones of the torso |
| Lumbar vertebrae | 5 bone of the lower back |
| Sacrum | inferior to lumbar; articulates with hip bones |
| Posteriorly Concave | Cervical and lumbar |
| Posteriorly Convex | Thoracic and sacral |
| Intervertebral Discs | Cushion-like pad consisting of the nucleus pulposus and the annulus fibrosus |
| Nucleus pulposus | inner gelatinous nucleus; gives discs elasticity and compressibility |
| Body/Centrum | Disc-shaped weight bearing region |
| Vertebral arch | composed of pedicles and laminae that, along with the centrum enclose the vertebral foramen |
| Vertebral foramina | make up the vertebral canal which the spinal cord passes |
| Spinous processes | Project posteriorly |
| Tranverse processes | project laterally |
| Intervertebral foramina | lateral openings formed from notched areas on superior and inferior borders of adjacent pedicles |