Civil Rights
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katyisblonde on June 12, 2011
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Chapter 5: Civil Rights
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Civil Rights | rights of all Americans to equal treatment under the law, as provided for in the 14th Amendment |
| Equal Protection Clause | states must treat all people in an equal manner and may not discriminate unreasonably against a particular group unless there is sufficient reason to do so. |
| Strict Scrutiny | govt. must demonstrate the necessity os a specific law in order to outweigh and prevent an individual from exercising a fundamental right (often bases of discrimination) |
| Intermediate Scrutiny | laws based on gender classifications are allowed if they are substantially related to the achievement of an important governmental objective |
| Rational Basis Test | determines whether a discriminatory law violates the equal protection clause |
| Jim Crow Laws | laws which allowed for the segregating of blacks and whites |
| Plessy v Ferguson | black man boarded a train and refused to move from a white car. supreme court held that segregation laws were constitutional because of 'separate but equal' facilities |
| Harlem Renaissance | 1920's and '30's black cultural movement which celebrated black traditions and gave them cultural identity |
| Philip Randolph | prominent civil rights leader and wanted to organize a civil rights march but called it off in exchange for FDR's executive order 8802, the fair employment practices committee |
| Two reasons for optimism in the civil rights movement after WWII | 1. White alliances 2. Election returns of 1946 (established that blacks were a viable political group) |
| Brown v. Board of Education | Parents of Linda Brown sued all white school to get daughter admitted because it was closer to her home. Supreme Court ruled that in education 'separate but equal' is unconstitutional |
| Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1956 | Began when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat in a segregated bus. Blacks began boycotting busses and since they were the main customers there demands were heard and met |
| Nonviolent Resistance | Tactic MLK used in the civil rights movement which relied on peaceful protests |
| Civil Rights Act of 1957 | created a 1. national civil rights commission 2. empowered the justice dept. to go to court to ensure that blacks could vote |
| 1960 sit-ins | four black college students sat at a segregated lunch counter. sparked a series of similar protests across the south |
| 1961 freedom rides | interracial group of college students traveled by bus down south to test the effectiveness of the newly prohibited segregation laws. White Southerners responded in brutal violence |
| 1963 protests in Birmingham, Alabama | police released fire hoses, billy clubs and attack dogs on peaceful protestors. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, gender and religion |
| Susan B. Anthony | co-founded the National Suffrage Association (which worked to allow women the right to vote) |
| 19th amendment | gave the right of citizens to vote regardless of their sex |
| Equal Pay Act | requires equal pay for equal work |
| glass ceiling | often subtle obstacles to advancing in a career that women encounter on the job |
| sexual harassment | unwanted physical or verbal contact and/or abuse in a sexual nature that interferes with job performances |
| Racial Profiling | law enforcement that assumes that people of a certain race are more likely to commit a crime |
| Affirmative Action | equalizing opportunity by eliminating discriminatory barriers |
| Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke | Bakke, a white male, sued UC Davis medical school because 16 of the 100 available seats were for minorities, and he believed they took his spot. He succeeded in gaining admittance but did not change affirmative action policies. |
| Reverse Discrimination | discrimination against whites |
| Quota System | specific number of seats reserved for minority applicants |
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