Chapter 8: Developmental Psychology
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 psychometricians | psychologists who specialize in measuring psychological characteristics such as intelligence and personality |
| fluid intelligence | refers to the ability to perceive relations among stimuli |
| crystallized intelligence | comprises a person's culturally influenced accumulated knowledge and skills, including understanding printed language, comprehending language, and knowing vocabulary |
| savants | musical intelligence is often shown by individuals with mental retardation who are extremely talented in one domain |
| emotional intelligence | a nontraditional aspect of intelligence in which the person's ability to use their own or others' emotions effectively for solving problems and living happily |
| analytic ability | involves analyzing problems and generating different solutions |
| creative ability | involves dealing adaptively with novel situations and problems |
| practical ability | involves knowing what solution or plan will actually work |
| mental age (MA) | this refers to the difficulty of the problems that children could solve correctly |
| intelligence quotient (IQ) | Terman described performance which was simply the ratio of mental age to chronological age, multiplied by 100 |
| dynamic testing | this measures a child's learning potential by having the child learn something new in the presence of the examiner and with the examiner's help |
| culture-fair intelligence tests | the problem of bias led to the development of these which test items based on experiences common to many cultures |
| stereotype threat | self-fulfilling prophecy in which knowledge of stereotypes leads to anxiety and reduced performance consistent with the original stereotype |
| gifted | traditionally refers to individuals with scores of 130 or greater on intelligence tests |
| convergent thinking | intelligence is associated with using information that is provided to determine a standard, correct answer |
| divergent thinking | creativity is associated with the aim is not a single correct answer (often there isn't one) but novel and unusal lines of thought |
| mental retardation | refers to substantially below-average intelligence and problems adapting to an environment that emerge before the age of 18 |
| organic mental retardation | some cases of mental retardation---no more 25%--can be traced to a specific biological or physical problem |
| familial mental retardation | simply represents the lower ends of the normal distribution of intelligence |
| learning disability | a) have difficulty mastering an academic subject b) have normal intelligence c) are not suffering from other conditions that could explain poor performance, such as sensory impairment or inadequate instruction |
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