chapter one pre-ap
Order by
22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 homo sapiens sapiens | newest human breed; ancestors of humans today; originated in eastern africa in 120000 b.c.e; no major changes in basic human physique or brain size since; emerged at the end of the paleolithic period |
| neolithic age | final stone age; took place around 10,000 b.c.e; invention of agriculture; creation of cities; domestication of plants and animals |
| neolithic revolution | agriculture developed; the succession of technological innovations and changes in human organizations that led to changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture; 8500-3500 b.c.e |
| hunting and gathering | means of obtaining food by older human species (before agriculture); typical of band social organization |
| bronze age | 4000 b.c.e.; bronze tools were first used in the middle east; ended in 1500 b.c.e |
| civilization | societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture; ability to produce food surpluses; and existence of non-farming elites (social hierarchy); merchant and manufacturing groups |
| cuneiform | form of writing developed by sumerians using a stylus and clay tablets |
| nomads | cattle and sheep herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarians" by civilized societies |
| mesopotamia | civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris Euphrates river valleys, fertile land, cradle of all civilization |
| sumerians | people who migrated into mesopotamia c. 4000 b.c.e.; created first civilization within region, organized area into city states; created alphabet; art; science of astronomy |
| ziggurat | massive towers usually associated with mesopotamian temple complexes |
| babylonians | invading civilization that brought civilizations to the middle east; had kings and a system of law and money |
| hammurabi | he was the babylonian king that created the fist set of laws to help keep the peace and balance between poor and rich |
| pharaoh | title of kings in ancient egypt; top of society; held immense power |
| pyramids | pharaoh's tomb that he builds; monumental architecture typical of old kingdom egypt; used as burial sites for pharaoh |
| kush | african state that develped slong the upper reaches of the nile in 1000 b.c.e; conquered egypt and ruled it for centuries |
| indus river | sources in the Himalayas and mouths in the arabian sea; houses had running water; trade with mesopotamia; developed own alphabet and artistic forms |
| harappa and mohenjo daro | major urban complex of the harappan civilization; laid out on a planned grid pattern; large cities near the indus river |
| huanghe river | (yellow river); site of development of sedentary agriculture in china; isolated; regulated irrigation; fertile land; advanced technology; rode horses; skilled in pottery, bronze, coal, iron; invented ideographic symbols |
| phoenicians | sea faring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout Mediterranean; devised simplified alphabet (22 letters); predecessor of latin and greeks alphabet; improved egyptian numbering |
| mandate of heaven | the divine source for leaders; established political legitimacy of chinese by zhou to justify the overthrow of shang |
| monotheism | the exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the jews into western civilization |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.