| Term | Definition |
|---|
| phonetics | study of human speech sounds |
| phonology | study of speech sounds in a language system |
| phone | unit of a single identified speech sound |
| articulatory phonetics | speech organs and their use |
| acoustic phonetics | sounds waves |
| auditory phonetcs | hearing and processing in the brain |
| phoneme | unit of speech that distinguishes meaning in a language system |
| phonetic differences are phonology irrelevant if: | they have no effect on meaning |
| phoneme is abstract representation in the speaker's mind that is... | physically realized in the form of one or more allophones |
| minimal pair | difference in meaning, due to one different segmant: bit--beat, pain--gain, hit--hip |
| complementary distribution allophone | there is always one that can occur only in certain positions |
| free variation | allophones that can occur anywhere without changing the meaning/personal preference |
| biunique phonological description | allophones and phonemes are unambiguously mapped onto each other (you can always tell from the phonological environement which phoneme an allophone belongs to) |
| when can phonological oppositions be neutralized? | With contrast /t/--/d/ as (t) morpheme in final position (Bund--bunt), English vowels are reduced to schwa in unstressed syllables (legality, irony, torrential |
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