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Escarpments Steep cliffs Desertification The Chang elf semi deserted land into actual desert land Consensus Common agreement Savanna Grass land reigon in africa Animiinism Belif that things in nature have a soul Divination When people communicate with the dead to figure put why things are happening 4 major civilizations Empire of Ghana, mali a, Songhai, Zimbabwe Main lcation of civiliaztions Timbuktu 2 major trade items Gold and silver Mansa muss Ruler of mali and pushed out the borders of his empire in eery direction European motive for exploring To find a way to trade with other countries and make trading ports Middle passage Term for horrible journey for the newly captured purchased slaves Triangular trade route 1. Sugar, cotton, tobacco from Europe to Americas 2. Texiles, rum, and manufactured goods from Africa to Europe 3. Slaves from africa to the Americas Abolition Movenmtn to end slavery Nations founded by former slaves Liberria, Sierra leonne Europeans with,sot colonies Belgium, France, Germany, spain Leopold 2 and the Congo free state Explored humN and mineral resources and forced African communities tl produce a certain amount of ivory and rubber without getting paid Berlin confernce When Europeans made decisions about civilizing Africa- when they put certain groups togeter, they didn't get along African nations not colonized Liberia and ethiopia Cecil rhodes Buisnesman who promoted imperialism in africa Negritude Encouraged Africans to value their heritage 2 decades independence was achieved 60s and 70s Boers Dutch settlers in Africa that set up 2 independent repulcs Colonial power England Valauable resources Gold and diamonds Afrikaners La gauge Africans spoke, descandets of boers (white men) Sharpeville massacre Peacful protests that led to violence Soweto disturbance Law where africans had to learn afrikaner Desmond tutu Black leader against segregation World pressure to end apartheid Cut off trade and isolated south Africa from the rest of the whirled (to black Africans) F.w. De klerk Allwoed apartheid was white Nelson Mandela Fought apartheid and was the first black president Valauble natural resource in nigeria Oil Biafra A group of people who wanted to break away and start their own country Government over the years in Nigeria They borrowed money and couldn't pay it bak Former Zimbabwe name Zimbabwe rhodesia Ethnic issues in nigeria Biodiverse people, deffiences in culture and caused the civil war to break up Robert mugabe Leader of indpence struggle Genocide Mass killing of a certain race Description of the tutsi and Hutu conflic Hutu wanted to get revenge of what they did before the Tutsi got power Role of us and un Covered up the genocide Lcation of darfur Western Sudan Source of conflcit Conflict that combines ethnic differences, conflict of grazing land, and acces to oil Janjaweed Angry people responsible for killing Role of sudans goverment Supported janjaweed County supporting sudan China Cause of aids Lack of education Soltuin to adis Education