1.
adam smith: scottish economist, 1776 wrote "the wealth of nations" believed in free trade and laissev faire economy
so what?
analyzed economy
2.
andreas vesalius: 1539 began dissecting dead criminals, made many anatomy drawings for later scientists
so what?
laid groundwork for later anatomists
3.
church+science: at first they opposed it but later they embraced some ideas, put galileo under house arrest
so what?
embraced in some ways but was opposed mainly
4.
effects of scientific revolution: beginning of modern science
belief on progress+power of reason
new views on universe as an ordered system
5.
enlightened despots: monarchs who ruled according to enlightenment ideas
so what?
appealed to philosophes
6.
enlightenment-age of reason: 1600, began to view reason as the best way to understand truth
so what?
new revolution in thought
7.
galileo galilie: 1609 built the first telescope, was an italian, discovered saturn, sun spots, jupiter's moons, and that milky way was stars
so what?
many important dicoveries
8.
geocentric theory: earth was the center, everything revolves around it
so what?
old views held by church
9.
isaac newton: english, discovered that gravity works in all of universe, explained the law of universal gravitation, made calculus
so what?
discovered how planets work and calculus
10.
john locke: english philosopher, believed that ppl are naturally happy, tolerant and reasonable, born equal with life liberty and property, purpose of gov is protect these. ppl had to consent to a gov though
so what?
inspired american gov
11.
key enlightenment ideas: -ability to reason makes humans unique
-reason can be used to solve problems and improve lives
-reason can free ppl from bad gov, superstition and ignorance
-natural world is governed by laws discovered through reason
-human behavior is governed by natural laws
-a gov should reflect the natural laws and encourage ed. and debate
12.
mary wollstonecraft: demanded equal rights for women, wrote that if men and women had equal ed. they would be equal
so what?
fought for women
13.
N. Copernicus: 1500s polish, said sun was center of universe(heliocentric model) published this soon before he died
so what?
new idea
14.
philosophes: a philosopher
so what?
name for them
15.
rene descartes: said everything bust be doubted until its proven
so what?
helped establish the scientific method
16.
robert boyle: first man to define an element, changes in matter happen when particles rearrange, boyles law explains how temp., volume and pressure affect gas
so what?
father of modern chemistry
17.
salons: social gatherings of enlightenment philosophers, writers, artists, and scientists, women hosted them
so what?
brought enlightenment to its height
18.
scientific method: new approach to investigation: identify, hypotheses, experiment, record, analyze
so what?
discovered many new things
19.
scientific revolution: 1500s posed new theories of the world and tests to discover them
so what?
accepted because of exploration
20.
social contract: believed ppl should give up some freedoms in return for a gov that provides peace, safety, and order
so what?
new idea
21.
thomas hobbes: 1651 wrote "leviathans" about gov
so what?
believed in social contract
22.
voltaire: philosophe, attacked injustice in church gov and nobility
so what?
made enemies but fought for justice