N201 Unit 1 Lesson 1.5 - 1.6
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63 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 intravenous | via the vein |
| blood bank | a place where whole blood or blood plasma is drawn, typed, processed, and stored under refrigeration for future use |
| blood transfusion | the transfer of human blood or its components from a donor to a recipient; mixed with normal saline |
| blood typing | the classification of human blood cells to determine compatability, e.g., A pos, B pos... |
| dextrose | a form of glucose found in human blood |
| electrolyte | a substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electrical charge when in solution |
| IV infusion | introduction of fluid into a vein |
| microfilter | a fine mesh filter in the drip chamber of an intravenous set used for blood transfusions. Prevents blood clots from entering the circulatory system |
| packed red blood cells | a blood product with an extremely high proportion of red blood cells |
| plasma | the fluid part of blood |
| platelet | any of the minute, disc-like, colorless elements of the blood that are essential for normal clotting |
| pyrogenic | producing, or produced by, heat or fever |
| transfuse | to transfer or introduce blood, blood plasma, etc. into a vein |
| whole blood | blood for transfusion from which none of the elements have been removed |
| y-tubing | a component of an intravenous set used for blood transfusions |
| edema | when fluid intake exceeds fluid output causing body tissues to swell with fluid |
| dehydration | when fluid output exceeds fluid intake causing a decrease in the amount of fluid in body tissues |
| D5W | 5% dextrose in water |
| IV | intravenous |
| LR | lactated ringers |
| NS | normal saline |
| isotonic fluids | cells maintain normal size because of fluid balance. These fluids are used for hypotension caused by hypovolemia. NS and LR |
| hypotonic fluids | the body fluids shift out of the blood vessels and into the interstitial space. These fluids are used for re-hydration. One half Normal Saline (0,45 NaCl) |
| hypertonic fluids | the fluid is pulled from the cells and the interstitial tissues into the vascular space. these fluids are used to replace electrolytes and pull fluid from cells and surrounding tissue to the vascular compartment. 3% and 5% saline, 5% dextrose in 0.45 Normal Saline |
| infiltration | occurs when fluid leaks out of the vein into the surrounding tissue |
| phlebitis | irritation of the vessel by the needle, cannula, medication, or additives in the IV solution |
| bloodstream infection | occurs when infectious pathogens are introduced into the bloodstream |
| two types of embolus | catheter embolus and air embolus |
| catheter embolus | occurs when a piece of cannula breaks off and travels in the vein until it lodges. notify nurse or provider immediately |
| air embolus | occurs when air enters the vein. notify nurse or provider immediately |
| speed shock | occurs when fluids or medication given by bolus or infusion are administered too rapidly |
| anaphylaxis | a life threatening allergic reaction |
| bolus | to give a specified amount rapidly, or all at once |
| drop factor | the manufacturer's certified flow rate of the tubing so that a certain number of drops equals 1 mL |
| flow rate | the rate the solution will be infused; unit of measure is gtts/hr |
| drip rate | the rate the solution will be infused; unit of measure is gtts/min |
| gauge | the measurement of the internal diameter of the lumen |
| hub | the enlarged base by which the hollow needle may be attached |
| patent | being open and unobstructed |
| sclerotic veins | hard veins |
| sharps container | a puncture resistant container used to dispose of contaminated needles and other sharp medical objects |
| thrombus | a clot of blood |
| gtts/min | drops per minute |
| KVO | keep vein open |
| mL/hr | milliliters per hour |
| primary infusion set | consists of a bottle or bag of solution, regular tubing set, needle, and an IV stand to hold the bottle |
| secondary/piggyback IV set | medications to be given intravenously are often added to an existing IV line by piggyback method |
| parallel IV set | Y-type administration set is used for administration of blood products. blood product placed on one spike and NS on the other. |
| controlled volume set | used to interrupt a primary infusion to give a dose of diluted medication or when a small amount of fluid is to be given over a longer period of time. contains a burette |
| intermittent IV device | saline, heparin or PRN lock. |
| rate controller device | operate by gravity flow, which is regulated by a drop sensor and an electronic feedback mechanism |
| 3 types of IV needles and catheters | wing-tipped or butterfly, over-the-needle, central venous catheter |
| regular drop set | 10 - 20 gtts/mL |
| microdrop | 60 gtts/mL |
| macrodrop | 10 gtts/mL |
| formula to calculate drip rate | drops/min = # of mL/hr X drop factor, divided by 60 |
| how often to change IV tubing and site | every 72 hours or local policy |
| tourniquet placement | 4-6 inches above site |
| cleaning IV insertion site | alcohol or providine, 2 inches out from site |
| Which fluid is used for hypotension caused by hypovolemia | use isotonic fluid |
| which fluid is used for re-hydration | use hypotonic fluid |
| which fluid is used to replace electrolytes | use hypertonic fluid |
| when applying an armboard you must ensure | the board isn't too long but does immobilize joint, trim to fit, do not tape too tight, pad ends |
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