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republic when citizens elect leaders to run their government consuls Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies patricians member of the small number of wealthy Roman families plebians the bulk of the population- mostly artisans shopkeepers and peasants debt bondage a man who became a servant of the man to whom he owned money twelve tables bronze tablets with laws engraved in it Caesar Roman general who ended the Republic and ruled as dictator Hannibal general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War Alps a large mountain system in south-central Europe senate In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats. Augustus title meaning "respected one" given to Octavian first Roman Empire Pax Romana the Roman peace Carthage an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis Barbarians in ancient Rome, a person from beyond the Roman frontier; a person considered by another group to be uncivilized Tribunes An officer of ancient Rome elected by the plebeians to protect their rights from arbitrary acts of the patrician magistrates. Magistrates Judges- day to day activity in charge of money Marc Antony One of Caesar's generals, Falls in love with Cleopatra, He and Cleopatra declare war on Rome in 31 BC which they lose, member of second triumvirate. War of Attrition A war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses Emperor the male ruler of an empire dictator a ruler who has absolute power diocletian roman emperor Constantine Roman emperor who installed Christianity as main religion in Roman Empire and moved capital to Contantinople