Med Term Ch 6- Blood & Lymphatic System
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Natashahanda on June 16, 2011
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127 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | syndrome caused by HIV that renders immune cells ineffective-sexually transmitted |
| active immunity | a long lasting immunity that results from stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies developed naturally to infection or artificially through vaccine |
| agranulocytes | a group of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei |
| anemia | condition of reduced numbers of RBC and hemoglobin diminished ability of RBC to transport oxygen to tissues |
| anisocytosis | presence of RBC of unequal size |
| antibody | a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body |
| anticoagulant | a drug that prevents clotting of blood |
| antigen | a substance that when introduced into the body causes the formation of antibodies against it |
| aplastic anemia | a normocytic normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells |
| autoimmune disease | any disorder characterized by abnormal function of immune system that causes body to produce antibodies against itself |
| autologous blood | blood donated by and stored for a patient for further personal use |
| basic metabolic panel (BMP) | battery of tests used as a general scren for disease including tests for co2, ca, cl, k, na, glucose and blood urea nitrogen |
| basophil | a granular leukocyte named for the dark stain of its granules that brings anticoagulant substances to inflamed tissue |
| blood chemistry | test of the fluid portion of blood to measure he amounts of its chemical constituents |
| blood chemistry panels | specialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood used as a general screen for disease or to target specific organs or conditions |
| blood component therapy | transfusion of a specific blood component such as packed red blood cells platelets or plasma |
| blood culture | test to determine f infection is present in the blood stream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of microorganisms |
| blood indices | calculations of RBC HGB and HCT results to determine the average size hemoglobic concentration and content of RBC to classify an anemia |
| blood transfusion | introduction of blood products into the circulation of a recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient |
| bone marrow aspiration | needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathologic examination |
| bone marrow biopsy | pathologic examination of bone marrow tissue |
| bone marrow transplant | transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production |
| CD4 cell count | a measure of number of CD4 cells (subset of T lymphocytes) in the blood used in monitoring the course of HIV and in timing the treatment of aids |
| chemotherapy | treatment of malignancies infections with chemical agents so they cannot reproduce |
| chyle | white or pale yellow substances in lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals |
| complete blood count (CBC) | common lab blood test as a screen of general health or for diagnostic purposes with WBC RBC HGB HCT |
| comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) | tests performed in addition to the basic panel for expanded screening |
| computed tomography (CT) | full body xray CT images are used to detect tumors and cancers such as lymphoma |
| cross matching | method of matching donors blood to recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility |
| differential count | determination of the number of each type of whiteblood cell in a stained blood smear |
| eosinophil | a granular leukocyte (rose color stained granules) that increases in allergic and some infectious reactions |
| erythroblastosis fetalis | a disorder that results from incompatibility of fetus with Rh positive blood and mother with Rh negative blood causing RBC destruction in the fetus |
| erythrocyte | RBC transports O2 and CO2 |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate | timed test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle through a volume of plasma |
| erythropenia | abnormal reduced number of RBC |
| granulocytes | a group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm |
| hematocrit (HCT) | measurement of the % of packed RBC in a given volume of blood |
| hemochromatosis | hereditary disorder with an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body |
| hemoglobin (HGB) | a protein iron compound in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and caron dioxide |
| hemolysis | breakdown of RBC membrane |
| hemophilia | a group of hereditary bleeding disorders caused by a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood |
| hemostatic | drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessels |
| homologous blood | blood voluntarily donated by anyperson for transfusion to a compatible recipent |
| immunity | process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen |
| immunocompromised | impared immunologic defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or by therapy with immunosuppressive agents |
| immunosuppression | impaired ability to provide an immune response |
| immunotherapy | use of biological agents to prevent or treat disease by stimulating the bodys own defense mechanisms |
| iron deficiency anemia | a microcytic hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron that affects the production of hemoglobin and is characterized by small red blood cells containing low amts of hemoglobin |
| lacteals | specialized lymph vessels in the small intestines that absorb fat into the blood stream |
| leukemia | chronic or acute malignant disease of the blood forming organs characterized by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow |
| leukocyte | WBC protects body from harmful invading substances |
| lymph | fluid that circulated through the lymph vessels |
| lymph capillaries | microscopic vessels that draw lymph from tissues to the lymph vessels |
| lymph ducts | collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins |
| lymph node dissection | removal of possible cancer carrying lymph nodes for pathologic examination |
| lymph nodes | many small oval structures that filter lymph from the lymph vessels major locations included cervical axillary and inguinal regions |
| lymph vessels | vessels that recieve lymph from the lymph capillaris and circulate it to the lymph nodes |
| lymphadenectomy | removal of lymph node |
| lymphadenopathy | an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes |
| lymphadenotomy | incision into a lymph node |
| lymphangiogram | an xray image of lymph node or vessel obtained after injection of a contrast medium |
| lymphocyte | agranulocytic leukocyte that is active in the process of immunity the 3 categories of lymphosytes are T cells (thymus dependent) Bcells (bone marrow derived cells) and NK (nat killer cell) |
| lymphocytopenia | an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes |
| lymphoma | any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue usually malignant |
| macrocytosis | presence of large red blood cells |
| mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) | calc of the content of hemoglobin in the avg rbc using hbd and rbc results mch=hbg/rbc |
| mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) | calc of avg hemoglobin in each red blood cell |
| mean corpuscular cell volume (MCV) | calculating the volume of individual rbc using htc and rbc-- mcv= hct/rbc |
| metastasis | process by which cancer cells spread to other organs |
| microcytosis | presence of small rbc |
| monocyte | an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection |
| mononucleosis | condition caused by the epstein barr virus and characterized by an increase in monocytes (1 nuclear) in the blood with enlarged lymph nodes |
| myelodysplasia | disorders within the bone marrow characterized by a prorifelation of abnormal stem cells - developes into leukemia |
| neutropenia | decreased number of neutrophils |
| neutrophil | a granular leukocyte has granules swallows bacteria |
| pancytopenia | an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood |
| partial thromboplastin time PTT | test to determine coagulationo defects such as platelet disorders |
| passive immunity | a short lasting immunity that results from foreighn antibodies that are conveyed either naturally or through the placenta to fetus |
| pernicious anemia | a macrocytic normochromic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin b12 cauing rbc to be large and vary in shape, reduce in number |
| phlebotomy | incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing |
| plasma | liquid protion of blood and lymph water protein celular componest |
| plasmapheresis | removal of plasma from the body with separation and extraction of specific elements -platelets followed by reinfusion |
| platelet count | calc of the number of thrombocytes in the blood |
| platelets | thrombicytes - blood clotting |
| poikilocytosis | presence of large irregular shaped rbc |
| polycythemia | increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood |
| polymorphonuclear leukocyte | another term for neutrophil many segments |
| positron emission tomography | nuclear medicine and computed tomography to produce images of the anatomy and metabolic function within body |
| prothrombin | protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process |
| prothombin time | test to measure activity of prothrombin in blood |
| RBCount | number of rbc |
| red cell morphology | as a part of identifying and counting the white blood cells the condition size and shape of the red blood cells in the background of the smeared side are noted |
| reticulocytosis | an increased number of immature erythrocytes in the blood |
| Rh factor | presence or lack of antigens on the surface of rbc which cause reaction between rh + and rh - blood |
| Rh negative | absence of antigens |
| Rh positive | presence of antigens |
| right lymphatic duct | recieves lymph for m the right upper part of the body |
| septicemia | systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood |
| serum | liquid protion of the blood that remains after clotting |
| spleen | organ between stomach and the diaphram that filters out aging blood cells removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis |
| splenectomy | removal of the spleen |
| thoracic duct | recieves lymph from the left side of the head neck chest abdomin left arm and lower extremities |
| thymectomy | removal of the thymus gland |
| splenomegaly | enlargment of spleen |
| thromboplastin | substance present in tissues platelets and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation |
| thymectomy | excision of the thymus |
| thymus | primary gland of the lymphatic system located within the mediastinum that helps to maintain the bodys immune response by producing t lymphocytes |
| vasoconstrictor | drug that causes narrowing of blood vessels decrease blood flow |
| vasodilator | drug that causes dialation of blood vessels increasing blood flow |
| venipuncture | incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing |
| WBCount | count of the number of wbc in a given volume of blood obtained via manual or automated lab methods |
| thrombocytopenia | an abnormal decreased number of platelets in the blood imparing the coltting process |
| blast/o | germ |
| chrom/o , chromat | color |
| chyl/o | juice |
| cyt/o | cell |
| hem/o, hemat/o | blood |
| immun/o | safe |
| lymph | clear fluid |
| morph | form |
| myelo | bone marrow/spinal cord |
| phag | eat or swallow |
| plaso | formation |
| reticulo | a net |
| splen | spleen |
| thromb | clot |
| thym | thymus gland |
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