27 terms

Terms	Definitions
Rurik	Legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev in 855 C.E., ALL Russian Rulers claimed to be descended from him.
Crimean War	A war fought in the middle of the nineteenth century between Russia on one side and Turkey, Britain, and France on the other. Russia was defeated and the independence of Turkey was guaranteed.
Russo-Turkish War	This war had its origins in a rise in nationalism in the Balkans as well as in the Russian goal of recovering territorial losses it had suffered during the Crimean War, reestablishing itself in the Black Sea, and following the political movement attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire.
Ivan the Terrible	This king of Muscovy defeated the Mongols and added a great deal to his kingdom. He did not, however, conquer Livonia, a port on the Baltic sea which he desperately wanted. He was known as terrible for his treatment of boyars, the hereditary nobility in Muscovy, as he abused, killed, and/or transplanted them and then replaced them with others who were loyal to him. (Ivan IV), also killed his son, which is what the above painting entails.
Peter the Great	Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.
Ivan the Great	Ivan III, was the Grand Duke of Moscow, ended Mongol domination of his dukedom, extended territories, subdued nobles, and attained absolute power; made Moscow the center of a new Russian state with a central government
Catherine the Great	Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire., German-born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted Western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry.
Potemkin	"Cyclops" Secretly married to Catherine The Great, even after stepping down from position of head lover, stayed one of her closest advisers, almost Co-Tsar, general/ lover of catherine, we use this name today; village- fake image you think everything is okay although it is really not.
Cossack	Member of a group form Ukraine, many of whom served as horsemen to the Russian czars and were famed for their fierceness in battle
Emelian Pugachev	Cossack soldier who sparked a gigantic uprising of serfs (1773) in Russia during the reign of Catherine the Great-he proclaimed himself the true tsar and issued decrees abolishing serfdom, taxes, and army service-thousands joined him, slaughtering landlords and officials-lost to Russian army-he was captured and savagely executed during Catherine the Great's Reign.
Peter III	Husband of Catherine the Great, was mentally unstable, and was murdered by a group of Russian army officers. Whether or not Catherine was involved in the murder is unknown, but she did benefit by it as she then had the throne to herself., Withdrew from the Seven Year's War because he liked Frederick II of Prussia. This essentially stopped the war.
Michael Romanov	Grandnephew of Ivan IV's wife, Anastasia, chosen by an assembly of Russian boyars and representatives to be the first Czar of the Romanov dynasty in 1613
Alexis Romanov	Second Romanov tsar; abolished assemblies of nobles; gained new powers over Russian Orthodox church
Romanov	the Russian imperial line that ruled from 1613 to 1917(Revolution)
Khan of the North	The name that Peter III( The Great) used when he was talking to the Mongols, he also swore his promises on the Koran while he was in their territories.
Vitus Bering	He was a Danish explorer who explored the northern Pacific Ocean for the Russians and discovered the Bering Strait which made it easier to travel to North America. Led the way for future Russian mariners, who eventually reached Hawai`i. He discovered Alaska and the Aleutian Islands
Alexis de Tocqueville	Frenchman who wrote "Democracy in America"(1835), in which he explored the uniqueness of American character and its sources. He ALSO wrote about Russia and compared the two and said that BOTH would play a huge role in future World History.
Partition of Poland	Division of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria nations in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in eastern Europe.
Pugachev Rebellion	Emilian Pugachev, a Cossack soldier, led a huge serf uprising-demanded end to serfdom, taxes and army service; landlords and officials murdered all over southwestern Russia; eventually captured and executed
Tsar	From Latin for caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III
Old Believers	Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov the 2nd Romanov ruler (17th century); many exiled to Siberia or southern Russia, where they became part of Russian colonization.
Tatar	A member of the Turkic-speaking people living from the Volga to the Ural Mountains (the name has been attributed to many other groups), LIKE THE mongols.
Bohemia	Protestant kingdom in the Holy Roman Empire where the people defied their new ruler who tried to close down Protestant churches. It is in modern day Czechoslovakia. Was conquered by Russia in one of ts many late phases of expansion.
Fort Ross	Ivan Kuskov and a group of fur trapper built this fort near San Francisco., a trading post, near Bodega Bay, built by Russians in 1812. It was a base for sea otter hunters. they sold tools in exchange for salt, wheat, and other foods
Ivan Kuskov	In 1812 he led a group pf Russian and native Alaskan fur trappers to north San Francisco and founded Fort Russia.
St. Petersburg	Capitol city created by Peter the Great to resemble a French city. It was built on land taken from Sweden
Boyars	Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts, In Picture is a ______ House

Flickr Creative Commons Images

Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com. Click to see the original works with their full license.

• "Rurik" image
• "Crimean War" image
• "Russo-Turkish War" image
• "Ivan the Terrible" image
• "Peter the Great" image
• "Ivan the Great" image
• "Catherine the Great" image
• "Potemkin" image
• "Cossack" image
• "Vitus Bering" image
• "Alexis de Tocqueville" image
• "Tsar" image
• "Old Believers" image
• "Bohemia" image
• "Fort Ross" image
• "St. Petersburg" image
• "Boyars" image

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