history final review
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91 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Thomas Jefferson | The first president elected by the House of Representatives |
| War of 1812 | The war that was an attempt by Jeffersonian Republicans to acquire land in Canada. |
| Hartford Convention | The convention at which a series of amendments were made to try to make it more difficult to add states, declare war, and to have consecutive presidents come from the same state. |
| Excise tax | The only thing the Jeffersonian Republicans changed (Jefferson and Gallatin, more specifically) when Jefferson came into office. They eliminated this thing. |
| John Marshall | Handed down Federalists rulings long after Federalists died out. |
| army, navy | Jefferson saw the ____ as more dangerous than the ____, which is why he downsized it to 2,500 men and why we were ill-prepared to go to war. |
| Northwest Passage | Lewis and Clark explored the newly acquired Western territory, but were not successful in finding the... |
| Battle of New Orleans | The battle that catapults Jackson into fame. Had nothing to do with the War of 1812. A lopsided victory. |
| Era of Good Feelings | Ended with economic panic and territory west of the Mississippi, completely within Louisiana Territory that asked for statehood—Missouri. Spread of slavery in America. |
| Maine | State that was added subsequent to the Era of Good Feelings, in exchange for Missouri. |
| Nationalism | What did America gain from the War of 1812 |
| Tallmadge Amendment | Provided gradual emancipation for slaves in Missouri. Was not passed, but set table for the future. Similar to Wilmot Proviso. |
| Monroe Doctrine | Authored by John Quincy Adams, and uses Britain's navy to back it up who was enjoying trade as a result of opened-up areas. |
| 12th Amendment | Allows for President to be chosen by House of Representatives if electoral college majority isn't attained |
| John Adams | A poor president and politician |
| corrupt bargain | Debacle of 1824-- as a result of it, Jackson and supporters worked hard to get him elected. |
| Tariff of Abominations | Also known as the Black Tariff, and the South was most harmed by it and most opposed to it. Put a 42% tax on imports. The tariff hurt the South Carolinians most (the Nullies). |
| John C. Calhoun | Who wrote the South Carolina Exposition? |
| Russians, Germans | Which immigrants numbered highest during the decades taking place in chapters 13,14, and 15? ________ in city, _______ out west to buy farms. |
| subsistence, cash crop | Americans transition from __________ farmers to ___ ____ farmers. |
| Britain | The nation that cannot declare the Confederacy an independent state because its people would revolt. |
| Hawthorne | Who wrote the Scarlet Letter? |
| Emerson | Who wrote The American Scholar? |
| Poe | Who wrote The Fall of The House of Usher? |
| Whitman | Who wrote Leaves of Grass? |
| Thoreau | Who wrote Civil Disobedience? |
| 2nd Great Awakening | Liberal arts colleges (as a result of loss of the Calvinist rigger) emerged from the... |
| Charles Granderson Finney | Most well known preacher of 2nd Great Awakening-attracted thousands to outdoor revivals. |
| Northerners | Most ___________ that do not like the abolitionists, don't necessarily dislike their movement to free slaves. They feel that the abolitionists are creating disorder in America. Roll their eyes at John Brown. |
| Cotton | The economy of the South was becoming more focused and isolated on single staple crop. Helper warned us that this was not good. |
| Planter Aristocracy | Control of cotton was becoming more and more isolated in the hands of a few people, a class of Southerners called the... |
| Oregon | Where did the missionaries and ministers go who wrote back home that the soil was amazing? |
| Polk | The president that wanted California more than anyone. He provoked the Mexicans into war. |
| Spotty Lincoln | The nickname given to Lincoln when he was ridiculed for questioning the Mexican War. |
| Californios | Franciscan natives who treated the local inhabitants harshly. |
| Wilmot Proviso | The document that raised an alarm because it proposed that all land acquired in treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo off limits to slavery—it was never passed. |
| Carney | ______ occupied Santa Fe. |
| Fremont | _______ occupied California. |
| Taylor | ______ occupied Buena Vista (Northern Mexico). |
| Scott | _____ captured Mexico City. |
| Tyler | Harrison died within 28 days of inauguration, and _____ became President. |
| Webster | All resigned from the Whig Party but ________, who worked on treaty called Webster-Ashburton, which established longest boundary between American and Canada in history. he also urged Americans to support the Compromise of 1850 in the 1850 Debates. He believed in expanding the power of the federal government at the expense of the states. |
| Slavery | What people tried to ignore in the 1840's and 1850's. First national party that couldn't ignore it was the Whigs. Democrats hold on for 8 more years. |
| Young Guards | Grew up not knowing the role that compromise has played in our history. They want Cali as free state and slavery abolished. Led by Seward. |
| Seward | Who's speech was Higher Law? |
| Nothing | What did Buchanan do to prevent the Confederate states from seceding? |
| Border states | What were the states called the didn't secede? There were four of them: Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky, and Delaware. |
| Panic of 1857 | The panic that was bad for the South. It didn't affect prices of cotton and gave South a sense of overconfidence. People started to say cotton was king when it wasn't. This panic was more psychological than anything. |
| Disease | What was the average Civil War soldiers greatest hardship? |
| volunteers | Before 1863, Unions soldiers were __________. |
| the economy | What was the North's greatest asset during the Civil War? (ex. factories) |
| European | _________ powers loved the Civil War because it weakened us a great deal |
| 30, 12 | What percent of national wealth did South possess in 1860, then 1870? __% in 1860, and __% in 1870. |
| Antietam | Where does Lee invade North for first time? |
| Maryland | Where is Antietam? |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Document that signifies the shift from preservation of Union to abolishing slavery. |
| Peace Democrats | Group that was most dangerous to war effort. |
| Vicksburg | The battle where Grant laid siege, cut South in two. The Confederacy is doomed from here on out. |
| McClellan | Most overly cautious general? |
| Lincoln | Many Southerners realized that worst thing that ever happened to them was _______'s death—he was the only man that could keep the Radical Republicans away from the South. |
| Women | Who gained quote a bit in the workplace. Replaced men who had gone off to fight. |
| Sylvester Graham | Invented the high-fiber Graham cracker to start a reform movement in our diets. Wanted to add more fiber to our diet. |
| Cult of Domesticity | men developed belief that women were better off in home than at workplace. If you educated a woman, it was believed that it would harm her brain. |
| American Colonization Society | What was the first anti-slavery society? (1818) |
| American Anti slavery society | What was the second anti-slavery society? (1831) |
| Liberty Party | What was the third anti-slavery society? (1848) |
| Pioneers | Who were the people that moved out west and were more concerned about their own area, didn't care about Mexico or Washington, and only cared about wheat prices, draughts, and floods? |
| Suicide | Life on the frontier was horrible. High _______ rates in women. |
| Loose constructionist | John Marshall was a...? |
| economic coercion | Jefferson tried to cut off trade (embargo) to try to get countries to do what we want-- not successful. |
| National republicans | Adams represented the...? |
| Democratic Republicans | Jackson represented the...? |
| Whigs | National Republicans later become the _____. |
| Gunboats | Jefferson had 200 tiny ________ for our navy to use. This was disastrous. |
| Federalists | Who suffered during Valley Forge? They also didn't support the War of 1812 or the invasion of Canada. |
| Eli Whitney | Who invented the cotton gin? |
| Bank | Jackson vetoed the U.S. ____. |
| Election of 1824 | The election with just Republicans- Clay, Jackson, Adams, Crawford. |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Confirmed the American title to Texas and yielded the enormous area stretching westward to Oregon and the ocean and embracing coveted California. The US agreed to pay $15 million for the land and to assume the claims of its citizens. |
| Sumner | A leading abolitionist who condemned the proslavery men as "hireling picked from the drunken spew and vomit of an uneasy civilization." Preston S. Brooks called for a duel between himself and ______ but the south only fought with those in the same social class. |
| immigrants | The influx of __________ was highest in the 1840's and 1850's. |
| southern vote | Why in 1840 did the Whigs choose the Democrat Tyler to be Harrison's running mate? What did they want? |
| sectionalism | Rather than being loyal to the entire nation, one is loyal to only one region of the country. In the United States, the difference between North and the South is indicated by ____________ because they both differed in political views, economical system, social structure and customs. |
| federal government, states | John Marshall's Supreme Court rulings generally defended the power of the _______ __________ against the power of the ______. |
| Marbury vs. Madison | The case where Marbury wanted to be a midnight judge but President Madison didn't make him one, so Marbury sued. Marshall ruled in favor of Madison. |
| Freeport Doctrine | The document stating Douglas' argument that no matter how the Supreme Court ruled, slavery would stay down if the people voted it down. |
| personal liberty | After the Fugitive Slave Laws were passed, the Underground Railroad stepped up to its timetable and infuriated northern mobs who rescued slaves from their pursuers. Some states used this law which denied local jails to federal officials and otherwise hampered enforcement. |
| popular sovereignty | the political principle that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people, who are the source of all political power. |
| greenback | Money that The Washing Treasury issued totaling nearly $45- million at face value. Greenbacks raised money. |
| Rush-Bagot Agreement | In 1817 this agreement between Britain and the United States limited severe naval armament on the lakes. |
| Lecompton Constitution | A document which the proslavery devised stating that the people were not allowed to vote for or against the constitution either "with slavery" or "with no slavery". |
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