| Term | Definition |
|---|
| pair of organs with elastic/spongy nature, branching structures consisting of 300 million aveoli (tiny air sacs), which open into aveolar ducts, then larger (bronchioles) which come together in the two bronchi | lungs |
| connection from where the bronchi unite to the larynx | trachea |
| large dome shaped muscle separating the thoracic from the abdominal cavities | diaphragm |
| muscles interconnecting the ribs | intercoastals (external and internal) |
| contraction of ribs and raising of diaphragm creates positive air pressure and leads to expulsion of air from lungs | expiration |
| expansion of rib cage, lowering of diaphragm causing | inspiration |
| valve that when swallowing closes to make sure food passes into the pharynx | larynx |
| forms the base of the larynx | cricoid cartilage |
| two anterior flat plates (90 degrees in men, 120 degrees in women) to shield the vocal folds, two horns (cornua at the back forming joint with cricoid, allowing a 15 degree anterior posterior tilt that is important in controlling vocal fold tension | thyroid cartillage |
| controls position of the focal folds by rotating and sliding | arytenoid cartillage |
| deflects food from the laryngeal entrance | epiglottis |
| ligamental tissue from the interior edge of the thyroid angle to the anterior part of the arytenoid | vocal folds |
| space between the vocal folds (17-22 mm in men, 11-16 mm in women) | glottis |
| control abduction (opening, adduction (closing) and tension of folds | intrinsic muscles |
| control overall movement of the larynx | extrinsic muscles |
| single most important function of the larynx as a sound source | phonation |
| air accelerates and pressure drops, pressure reduction sucks vocal folds together again, folds open first at the back, close first in the front, and a vibratory cycle is created, i.e., sound | Bernoulli Effect |
| related to subglottal pressure | percieved loudness |
| related to frequency of vibration | perceived pitch |
| ("timbre") related to mode of phonation (opening quotient = duration of glottal opening) | perceived sound quality |
| airstream stops, glottis closes, a plosive is articulated at the glottis, produced by blocking the airstream | What is a glottal stop? |
| ? | What airstreams are used in natural language? |
| production of speech sounds | What is phonation? |
| modal voice, voicelessness, and creak | What are the main phonation types |
| velar, oral, nasal | What three categories of sounds are dependent on the state of the velum? |
| aveolor ridge (m, n, h, r), plosive (p,b, t, d), labio dental (f,b, th, v), fricatives (s,z,k,g) | List with examples the places of articulartion of English consonants |
| process by which sound is produced to create speech, where air pressure builds up while the glottis is closed, expiration builds up air pressure, and the vocal folds are forced apart, allowing air to flow through the glottis | What is the Bernouli Effect? |
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