Bio Final
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Multiple Alleles | three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait |
| Codominance | a condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed |
| Incomplete Dominance | one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele |
| Phenylketonuria | a genetic disorder of metabolism |
| Sickle cell anemia | a genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an abnormal curved or "sickle" shape |
| Trisomy | chrosomal abnormality in which there is one more than the normal number of chromosomes in a cell |
| muscular dystrophy | any of several hereditary diseases of the muscular system characterized by weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles |
| Cystic Fibrosis | a human genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele for a chloride channel protein; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consquent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated (4% whites are carriers - most common lethal genetic disease) |
| Turners | XO |
| Klinefelters | xxy |
| Tay Sachs | recessive disorder; progressive degeneration of nervous system |
| Hodgkins disease | a lymphoma that attacks people in early life and is treatable with radiation therapy |
| point mutation | a mutation due to an intramolecular reorganization of a gene |
| Hershey & Chase | used bacteriophages and radioactive phosphorus in DNA and sulfur to determine what makes up genes |
| Franklin | X-ray of DNA |
| Watson & Crick | Figured out structure of DNA was a double helix |
| Wilkins | Franklin's boss won nobel piece prize for helping to determine the structure of DNA |
| Meselson & Stahl | Used nitrogen isotopes to test the three models of DNA replication; found that semiconservative the most likely model. |
| Virchow | all cells come from other cells |
| Progeny | offspring |
| Law of Independent assortment | each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs so the results are random |
| Law of segregation | members of a pair of homologous chromosomes separate during the formation of gametes and are distributed to different gametes so that every gamete receives only one member of the pair |
| Helicase | an enzyme that untwists the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and making them available as template strands |
| ligase | An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a single fragment; also called DNA ligase. This enzyme is usedd during DNA replication and is also used in recombinant DNA research. |
| polymerase | an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA |
| Wallace | English naturalist who formulated a concept of evolution that resembled Charles Darwin's (1823-1913) |
| Lamark | before Darwin - use and disuse (parts that are used become bigger and stronger while other parts deteriorate) and inheritance of acquired characteristics (organism can pass on "modifications" to its offspring |
| Darwin | English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882) |
| Cell plate | the precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two |
| Metaphase plate | An imaginary plane during metaphase in which the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are located midway between the two poles |
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