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Atelectasis collapse of the air sacs Circulating nurse coordinates activities and manages client care by continually assessing client safety, aseptic practice and the environment (e.g. temperature, humidity, and lighting); with the scrub nurse, is responsible for accounting for all sponges, needles and instruments at the close of surgery Closed-wound drainage system consists of a drain connected to either an electric suction or a portable drainage suction Conscious sedation a minimal depression of level of consciousness during which the client retains the ability to consciously maintain a patent airway and respond appropriately to verbal and physical stimuli Elective surgery performed when surgical intervention is the preferred treatment for a condition that is not imminently life threatening or to imporve the client's life Emboli a blood clot that has moved Emergency surgery surgery that is performed immediately to preserve function or the life of the client Epidural anesthesia the injection of an anesthetic agent into the epidural space General anesthesia the induced loss of all sensation and consciousness Intraoperative phase the phase of surgery that begins when the client is transferred to the operating room and ends when the client is admitted to the postanesthesia care unit Local anesthesia an anesthetic agent used for minor surgical procedures that is injected into a specific area Major surgery surgery that involves a high degree of risk for a variety of reasons; it may be complicated or prolonged; large losses of blood may occur; vital organs may be involved; postoperative complications may occur Minor surgery surgery tht involves little risk, produces few complications, and is often performed in a "day surgery" facility Nerve block chemical interruption of a nerve pathway effected by injecting a local anesthetic Penrose drain a flat, thin, rubber tube inserted into a wound to allow for fluid to flow from the wound; it has an open end that drains onto a dressing Peridural anesthesia epidural anesthesia Perioperative period refers to the three phases of surgery, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative Postoperative phase the period of surgery that begins with the admission of the client to the postanesthesia area and ends when healing is complete Preoperative phase the period of surgery that begins when the decision for surgery has been made and ends when the client is transferred to the operating room bed Regional anesthesia the temporary interruption of the transmission of nerve impulses to and from a specific area or region of the boey; the client loses sensation in ana rea of the body but remains conscious Scrub person usually UAP but can be a registered nurse (RN) or LPN; assists the surgeons by draping the client with sterile drapes and handing sterile instrument and supplies with the circualting nurse is responsible for accounting for all sponges, needles and instrument at the close of surgery Spinal anesthesia anesthesia produced by injecting an anesthetic agent into the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord; also referred to as a subarachnoid block (SAB) Subarachnoid block (SAB) Spinal anesthesia Surface anesthesia topical anesthesia Suture a thread used to sew body tissues together Thrombophiebitis inflammation of a vein followed by formation of a blood clot Thrombus a solid mass of blood constituents in the circulatory system; a clot (plural: thrombi) Tissue perfusion passage of a fluid (e.g. blood) through a specific organ or body part Topical anesthesia (surface anesthesia) applied directly to the skin and muccous membranes, open skin surfaces, wounds and burns