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2 major functions of respiratory system provide oxygen to all our cells, and removes carbon dioxide from our cells oxygen is required for? the oxidation of glucose during cellular respiration so that our mitochondria can store energy as ATP carbon dioxide is? a waste product of cellular respiration where does cellular respiration occur? It takes place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells whar are the products of cellular respiration? oxygen breaks down glucose and produces, energy and carbon dioxide ventilation breathing or air movement within the respiratory system (in and out) transport of the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood external respiration gas exchange between the alveoli of the lungs and the capillaries of the blood vscular system internal respiration gas exchange between the capillaries of the blood vascular system and the tissue cells of the body cellular respiration energy production in cells using oxygen and producing carbon dioxide as a waste product. this is the ultimate goal of respiration what is the function of the nose? cleans air, moistens air, heats air,adds resonance to the voice, gives you a hereditary signature, houses the olfactory nerves which allow you to smell how can the nasal cavity clean, heat and moisten air? It can because of the special type of mucous membranes lining the upper respiratory tract what type of membrane lines the upper respiratory tract? psuedostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells cilia helps clean the air by? sweeping particles toward the back of the nasal cavity where they are swallowed and enter the stomach, live organisms in particles are killed by stomach acid how is air moistened? goblet cells secrete mucus and also traps particles what warms air? venous sinuses located beneath the epithelium lining the nasal cavity warm the air as heat moves from the blood to the air within the nasal cavity the roof of the nasal cavity is made of? the roof of the nasal cavity(superior portion) is made of ethmoid bone(anteriorly) and sphenoid bone(posteriorly) floor of nasal cavity is formed from? the floor(inferior portion) of the nasal cavity is formed from maxillary bones(anteriorly) and palantine bones (posteriorly) behind the hard palate is? the soft palate(uvula) which is muscle covered by mucous membranes the septum is made up of? two bones, the vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone as well as hyaline cartlige lateral wall of the septum has? three shell shaped bones covered by mucous membranes to form the nasal conchae nasal conchae function to? supporting the mucous membranes lining the nasal cavity, increasing the surface area of the nasal cavity so that the air can be cleaned, warmed,and moistened quickly. meatus the are under each choncha middle meatus recieves drainage from the maxillary and frontal sinuses inferior meatus recieves drainage from the lacrimal ducts so sometimes when you cry tears come out your nose what are sinuses air filled spaces within the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones of the skull what do the sinuses do reduce the weight of the skull and serve as resonant chambers thus affecting the quality of your voice structures associated with upper respiratory external nares, nasal cavity, nasal choncae, pharynx or throat, larynx or voice box structures with lower respiratory trachea, and lungs where is the pharynx located? located posterior to the oral cavity and between the nasal cavity and the larynx the pharynx functions in? moving food into the esophagus, moving air into the larynx and aiding in sound production anatomical term for throat? pharynx three parts of the parynx are? nasopharynx(superior), oropharynx(middle) and the laryngooharynx(inferior) larynx aka the voice box what is the larynx? is an enlargement in the airway superior to the trachea and inferior to the pharynx opening of larynx is covered by? the epiglottis when you swallow opening to the larynx is called? the glottis larynx functions to? move air into the trachea, preventing foreign objects from entering the trachea when the epiglottis closes, and housing the vocal cords or folds major cartilages of the larynx include the epiglottal, thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoids true vocal cords are? attached to the arytenoid cartlilage and allow the true vocal cords to move lowemost portion of larynx composed of? cricoid cartilage larynx muscles include the false vocal cords,and the true vocal cords loudness of sound depends on? the force of air passing over the vocal cords trachea is a flexible, cylindrical tube anterior to the esophagus and in the thoracic cavity structures of the bronchial tree include the trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi,tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchioles, and respiratory bronchioles the function of the respiratory tubes is to filter incoming air and distribute it to the alveoli respiratory tubes open into the alveolar ducts, which open to alveolar sacs and finally to alveoli respiratory cycle is one inhalation plus the following exhalation tidal volume the amount of air entering or leaving teh lungs during a normal respiratory cycle vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that be exhaled after taking the deepest breath possible total lung capacity is the total volume of air the lungs can hold examples of nonrespiratory air movements coughing, sneezing, laughing, hiccupping and yawing. coughing clears the lower respiratory tract (trachea and lungs) sneezing clears the upper respiratory tract (larynx, pharynx, and nasal cavity) hiccupping no known function. but occurs do to spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm yawing helps your body maintain alertness and or cool the brain respiratory center made up of neurons in the brain strem, primarily throughout the pons and especially in the medulla oblongata neurons of respiratory system do what? control the rate and depth of breathing pneumotaxic area regulates the rate of breathing rythmicity area regulates the rhythm of breathing rhythmicity divided into the dorsal respiratory group and the ventral respiratory group dorsal respiratory group regulates the basic rhythm of breathing ventral respiratory group regulates forceful breathing stretch receptors located in visceral pleura, bronchioles, and alveoli, they inhibit inspiration to make sure the lungs dont overinflate during forceful inhalation low oxygen levels if blood has low oxygen levels, chemosensitive areas of the respiratory center are stimulated to increase alveolar ventilation, thus decreasing blood carbon dioxide levels how does alveolar gas exchange occur gas exchange by diffusion occurs between the alveolus and the blood at the respiratory membrane the respiratory membrane includes? the cells and basement membrane of the alveoli and the cells and basement membrane of the capillaries of the blood vascular system diffusion depends on? the partial pressure of the gases in the lungs and in the blood how is oxygen carried in the blood? on hemoglobin in the red blood cells how is carbon dioxide carried in the blood? through the blood to the lungs as bicarbonate ions