| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Calhoun (1962) | expanding rat population in small area |
| Crowding | psychological feeling of not having enough space |
| Schmitt (1967) | as population increases so does crime |
| Macintyre and Homel (1997) | crowding on the dancefloor |
| crowding as deindividuation | crowds lead to a loss of personal identity |
| Temperature and aggression findings | extreme heat=escape, extreme discomfort=more aggression and high temp=negative effect. Peak temp for aggression. |
| Research for temperature and aggression | Carlsmith and Anderson (1979), Kenrick and MacFarlane (1986) & Baron and Bell (1976) |
| Crowding and aggression findings | Depends on how comfortable you feel in the close presence of others. Crowding increased aggression in all male gps. No significant effect in mixed gps. Findings are inconclusive. |
| Research for crowding and aggression | Cox et al (1984), Freedman et al (1972) & Loo (1972) |
| Noise and aggression findings | Noise must be combined with further negative stimulus e.g. criticism before it produces aggression. |
| Routine activity theory | When opportunities for interpersonal aggression increase when there is more of a chance of people meeting e.g.during the summer |
| Negative effect escape theory | When aggression increases as it gets hotter and escape motives increase |
| Curvilinear | The u shape relationship between aggression and heat found in experiments |
| Horn blast study | Kenrick and MacFarlane, 1986 |
| Crime study in hot weather | Anderson, 1987 |
| If noise increases arousal, aggression is more likely | Donnerstein and Wilson |
| Loud noise makes people more aggressive | if they have no control over the noise |
| Loud noise makes people more aggressive | towards people who have angered them |
| Aggression is more often caused by | unpredictable noise |
| Aggression is less often caused by | predictable noise |
Combine with other sets
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