Landmark Court Cases in USA
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LiteratureBuzz on June 27, 2011
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Bakke v. Regents | Bakke was denied protection by UC-Davis' use of a two track admission system |
| Grutter v. Bollinger | University of Michigan Law School's more individualized consideration of race was upheld |
| Gratz v. Bollinger | court struck down University of Michigan's more blatant weighting of race as a factor in admissions |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Separate but Equal |
| West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette | Court ruled that West Virginia Board's policy requiring students and teachers to recite hte pledge of allegiance unconstitutional |
| Vernonia v. Actin | Students must submit to random drug testing in order to compete in interscholastic athletics |
| Nebraska Press v. Stuart | court ruled gag orders (restrictions placed on the press by judges trying to ensure a fair trial) violate the 1st amednment |
| Gitlow v. New York | federal protection of free speech should be applied to the states |
| Boy Scouts of America v. Dale | Court ruled that forcing the Boy Scouts to admit a homosexual as a scout leader wouild violate the private organization's right of freedom of association (expressive association) |
| NY Times v. US | court ruled prior restraint unconstitutional |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | State must provide an attoryney for th defendant in order to ensure a fair trial |
| Furman v. Georgia | invalidated all then-existing death penlaty laws base on the inherent arbitrariness of their application |
| Gregg v. Georgia | court uphelpd Georgia's new capital-sentencing procedures |
| Atkins v. Virginia | the death penalty is unconstitutional when applied to the mentally retarded. |
| Roper v. Simmons | the death penalty is unconstitutional when applied to persons under 18 |
| Planned Parenthood v. Casey | Court ruled that the regulation in question must not place undue burden on a woman's right to choose an abortion |
| Wolf v. Colorado | Court applied 4th amendment (protection from unreasonable searches and seizures) to the states |
| Romer v. Evans | the CO constitutional amendment invalidating state and local laws that protect homosexuals from discrimination was unconstitutional as it violated the qual rotection clause of the 14th amendment |
| Lawrance v. Texas | Court ruled that lwas prohibiting homosexual conduct violates equal protection clause of the 14th amendment |
| Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeie | Court ruled that public high school administrators could censor stories from a school-sponsered student newspapaer if it was produced on school gorunds, using school equimpment, and under the guidance of a school advisor |
| Miranda v. Arizona | when police arrest a suspect they must inform the suspect of his or her constitutional rights to remain silent and to consult with an attorney |
| New Jersey v. T.L.O. | The 4th amendment does not apply to students in school |
| Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha | Congress does not have the power to take any actions having the force of law unless the president agrees (no legislative veto) |
| Marbury v. Madison | established the principle of judicial review |
| Mapp v. Ohio | established exclusionary rule |
| Brown v. Board of Education fo Topeka | school desegregation |
| Engle v. Vitale | no prayer in school |
| Roe v. Wade | abortion rights case |
| Everson v. Board of Education | The Court ruled that the New Jersey law (allowing the state to pay for busing students to parochial shcools) was constitutional; the law benefited students rather than aided a religion directly. |
| Westside School District v. Mergens | school facilities may be used for non-exclusive religious organizations after school hours |
| Baker v. Carr | a voter could challenge the creation of congressional district lines on the grounds that it violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment |
| Reynolds v. Sims | Population must me the primary consideration in drawing congressional district lines |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | reaffirmed concept of federal supremacy over interstate trade and state supremacy of intrastate trade |
| Zenger | infamous English case that established precedence for freedom of speech |
| Baker v. Wingo | Court established 4 guidelines for determining whether a trial was appropriately speed and fair: 1)cause of delay; 2) length of delay; 3) effect of delay on the outcome of the trial ; 4) defendent's claim to a speedy trial |
| Bowers v. Hardwick | laws against sodomy are constitutional |
| Schenk v. US | gov. may prohibit speech that creates an immediate threat of criminal act (established Clear and Present Danger doctrine) |
| Weber | Court ruled that the 1964 Civil Rights Act does not prohibit affirmative action |
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