1.
3 steps of transcription: 1) initiation
2) elongation
3) termination
2.
A site (tRNA): bonds to T site polypeptide. A site moves to T site after bond is established and Tsite tRNA is translocated.
3.
AAG codon: Lysine
4.
anticodon: A sequence of three bases of a tRNA molecule that pairs with the complementary three-nucleotide codon of an mRNA molecule during protein synthesis.
5.
bacterial conjugation: the direct transfer of genetic material (DNA) from one bacterial cell to another
6.
bacterial transduction: DNA transferred from one bacterium to other via virus
7.
bacterial transformation: The alteration of bacteria's genotype by the uptake of DNA from the surrounding environment.
8.
Beadle & Tatum: mold would not grow. enzymes produce proteins controlled by genes.
9.
codon: a specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid
10.
DNA ligase: A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of a growing chain.
11.
DNA polymerases: These are enzymes that catalyze the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork.
12.
exons: expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
13.
Flow Chart of nucleic acids: DNA -> RNA -> proteins
14.
Function of a Gene: THE FUNCTION OF A GENE IS TO DICTATE THE PRODUCTION OF A POLYPEPTIDE VIA ENZYMES.
15.
introns: sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein
16.
lysogenic cycle: cycle in which a viral genome replicates as a provirus without destroying the host cell
17.
lytic cycle: a viral reproductive cycle in which copies of a virus are made within a host cell, which then bursts open, releasing new viruses
18.
metabolic pathways: Series of progressive chemical reaction steps involving energy production or conversion.
19.
mRNA: messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
20.
mutagens: A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
21.
nonsense mutation: change amino acid codon into a stop codon
22.
Okazaki fragments: Small fragments of DNa produced on the lagging strand during DNa replication, joined later by DNA ligase to form a complete strand.
23.
origins of replication: Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides
24.
Phenylalanine Codon: UUU
25.
ribosome tRNA sites: T & A
26.
RNA polymerase: transcription enzyme that links RNA nucleotides together
27.
RNA promoter: site which the RNA polymerase bonds to to start transcription
28.
RNA splicing: process by which the introns are removed from RNA transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together
29.
semiconservative model: a type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand
30.
silent mutation: when change in codon results in same amino acid
31.
Start Codons: AUG
32.
Stop Codons: UAA, UAG, UGA
33.
T site (tRNA): Where main bond is located. tRNA translocates from here after bond from A is established.
34.
transcription: synthesis of RNA under direction of DNA
35.
translation: synthesis of proteins under direction of RNA
36.
what happens to introns/exons prior to leaving nucleus?: introns (noncoding sequences) are taken off and exons are combined.
