Ch.11 Nervous System
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Kassiekass on July 8, 2011
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79 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Main Function of Nervous System | Control of and communication between body tissue, Electrical and chemical signaling, thought, action and emotion |
| What is the general pathway info will travel through the NS | Sensory input, integration center,motor output. |
| Sensory input | Afferent |
| Integration Center | Brian and Spinal Cord |
| Motor Output | Efferent |
| two main Divisions of NS | PNS CNS |
| CNS | Brian and Spinal Cord |
| PNS | Peripheral nerves and receptors |
| Two subdivisions of PNS | Sensory and Motor |
| Two Subdivisions of Sensory division | Somatic and Visceral |
| Somatic | Skeletal muscle, joints, and skin |
| Visceral | Organ |
| Two main parts of Motor Division | Somatic(voluntary)Muscle and Autonomic- Involuntary |
| The Two main cells in Nervous Tissue are | Neuorons and Glial cells |
| Function of Neuroglia | Scaffold and support,create synapses, promote health and growth, insulation |
| whats the size and number of neuroglia compared to neurons | Neuroglia are smaller the neurons but more of them |
| the Characteristics of neuroglia in CNS is: | Astrocytes, Microglia< Ependymal, Oligodendrocytes= AMEO |
| What is the functions of Astrocytes | form synapses, exchange b/w blood and neuron, chemical composition. influences neuron functioning |
| Define: Microglia | Immune function by phagocytosis |
| Define: Ependymal cell | lines ventricles of brian and spinal cord, controls passing substances from CSF to nervous tissue. |
| Define: oligodendrocytes | Myelinate axon fibers in CNS |
| What Characteristics are in the PNS | Satellite Cells and Schwann Cell |
| Schwann cells | Myelinate fibers of PNS |
| Satellite cells | found surrounding neuron cells |
| what cell creates the nervous system | neurons |
| what are the three main parts of a neuron | Body, Dendrites and axon |
| Functions of the neuron are | generate and conduct impulses, Longevity, high metabolic rate. cant divide |
| what dont neurons have | Centrioles, no cell division=amitotic |
| Characteristc and function of Nucleolus | Contains DNA to Make RNA ribosomes |
| Characteristics and Function of Nucleus | Contain DNA that codes for proteins made by the cell |
| Characteristics and Function: NIssl bodies | Elaborates ER of the neuron that is very active |
| Characteristics and Function of Axon Hillock | gives rise to axon |
| Characteristics and Function of microtubules | proteins helps aterograde and retrograde movement of structures in neuron |
| Characteristics and Function of Melanin | pigments that accumulate neurons |
| Define nuclei | Clusters of neuron cell bodies in CNS |
| Define Ganglia | Clusters of neuron cell bodies in PNS |
| How are Ganglia and Nuclei different | there the same just in different areas of the Nervous system |
| what are the armlike extensions from the cell body called, and there names | process and dendrites |
| define tract | axons traveling in the CNS |
| Define Nerve | axons traveling in the PNS |
| Characteristics and Function of axons | from body, branches, have protein receptors, sensitive to stimuli, info begans and travels in the cell body, input and electricity. |
| What region are the dendrites reffered to as? | receptive region |
| Characteristics and Function of axon | arise from axon hillock, called conduction region of neuron action potenital is made and carried along axon, the branches into terminal branches. |
| how many axons are per neuron | one |
| What is the region of the axon referred to as | conducting region |
| what are axonal endings called and function | axonal terminals, contain vesciles with neurotransmitters NT, released by exocyt and stimulate a neuron or effector organ |
| axonal ending called | secretory ending |
| define and function of anterograde | movement along axon used to take new proteins to destination cell |
| Define and function of retrograde | movement to terminal ending, used to recycle cell parts, move towards lysosmes |
| define axolemma | plasma membrane along axon of neuron |
| Characteristics and Function of myelin sheath | white fatty protein insulates axon |
| what type of cells myelinate CNS | Olgiodendrocytes |
| what type of cells myelinate PNS | Schwann cells |
| process of myelination is | cells wrap around azon then secretes myelin onto the axon and touching cells |
| describe neurilemma | is schawann cell of PNS remains around myelin sheath |
| Define and Function of Nodes of Ranvier | naked parts of axon, no myelin ssheath. cause fastest form of conduction of electricty alonf axon, saltatory conduction |
| describe white matter | contains myelinated fibersof nervous tisse |
| describe gray matter | unmyelinated of nervous tissu; cell body dendrties glial cells |
| classifications of neurons are | bipolar unipolar multi polar |
| Unipolar | cell body has one process, sensory found in PNS |
| Bipolar | cell body two processes sensory found in eye and nose |
| multipolar | cell body has 3 or more processes motor neurons interneurons in CNS |
| Define Sensory | carry info towards CNS afferent Uni and Bipolar |
| Define Motor | multipolar carry info from CNS to effector organ efferent |
| Define interneurons | mutlipolar found in CNS between Sensory and Motor, integrate sensory info |
| what neuron characteristics are needed to be able to recieve and respond to stimuli | protein receptors in their plasma membrane on dendrites and cell body, sensitive to stimuli |
| two classifications nerve fibers of myelination are | unmyelinated and myelinated |
| unmyelinated conducts electricty | slow |
| myelinated conduct electricty | continuously-fast and with nodes of ranvier fastest. |
| define synapse | info is passed from neuron to neruon or effctoe organ, has a space called cleft. release NT after the cleft |
| presynaptic is | before the cleft |
| postsynaptic is | after the cleft |
| three types of synapses between neurons are | Axodendritic asosomatic axoaxonice |
| define Axodendritic | is where Nt released from terminals of the presynaptic then stimulates receptors on dendrites of the postsynaptic neuiron |
| define Axosomatic | NT is relaease from terminal of the presynaptic amd stimulate recptors of the postsynaptic neuron |
| define Axoaxonic | found in electircal synapses, electirc current flows from axon of presynaptic to axon of postsynaptic neuron directly |
| define electrical synapse | electric current passes directly from neuron to neuron using gap junction between plasma membrane of two neurons |
| Define Chemical synapse | Releases NT across cleft between two neurons |
| how are chemical and electricl synapse different | how the info travels between two neurons one electric one chemical NT |
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