The Appendicular Skeleton
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58 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Pectoral Girdle | shoulder girdle; attaches upper limbs to body to allow for maximum movement |
| Clavicles | collarbones; anchors muscles; acts as a brace to hold scapulae and arms out laterally |
| Scapulae | shoulder blades |
| Coracoid Process | helps anchor biceps muscles |
| Glenoid Cavity | articulates with the humerus of the arm |
| Acromion | articulates with the clavicle |
| Brachium | Arm |
| Antebrachium | forearm |
| Manus | hand |
| humerous | the sole bone of the arm; largest and longest bone of the upper limb; articulates with scapula at the shoulder and the radius and ulna at the elbow |
| Head of the Humerous | most proximal end and fits into glenoid cavity of scapula |
| Tubercles | attachment of rotator cuff muscles and bicipial groove guides biceps muscle to glenoid cavity attachment |
| Deltoid tuberosity | for deltoid muscle attachment |
| Distal end of the humerus | medial trochlea articulates with the ulna; capitulum with the radius |
| Bones of the Forearm | Radius and Ulna |
| Interosseous membrane | Connects the two bones along their entire length |
| Ulna | slightly longer than radius; main function is to form elbow joint with humerous |
| Radius | major forearm bone contributing to wrist joint |
| Head of Radius | Lies proximal with superior surface concave to articulate with capitulum of humerus |
| Radial tuberosity | inferior to head of radius; for biceps muscle attachment |
| Carpus | wrist |
| Metacarpal Bones | palm |
| Phalanges | fingers |
| Bones of the Carpus | scaphoid; lunate; triquettral; pisiform; trapezium; trapezoid; capitate; hamate |
| Number of phalanges each hand contains | 14 |
| Pollex | thumb |
| Pelvic girdle | hip; attaches lower limbs to axial skeleton with strongest ligaments of the body |
| Functions of Pelvic Girdle | transmits weight of upper body to lower body; supports visceral organs of the pelvis |
| Coxal Bones (Os Coxae) | pair of bones which form the pelvic girdle |
| Three bones that form the Os Coxae | Ilium; Ischium; Pubis |
| Anterior Superior Iliac Spine | hands on hips area |
| Greater sciatic notch | for sciatic nerve passage |
| ischial tuberosity | inferior tuberosity of ischial body which is strongest and what we sit on |
| Pubis | urinary bladder rests on it |
| Pubic Symphysis | the bodies of 2 pubic bones joined by fibrocartilage disc |
| Obturator Foramen | large opening formed by junction of ischium and pubis bones |
| Acetabulum | area where ilium, ischium, and pubis meet and is the articulation for the femur bone of the lower limb to form the hip joint |
| Bony Pelvis | formed by hip; coccyx; and sacrum |
| Female Pelvis | adapted for child bearing; tilted forward; broader; greater capacity; acetabula smaller, further apart |
| Male Pelvis | adapted for support of heavier male build and stronger muscles; cavity is narrow and deep; bone is heavier and thicker; acetabula large, closer together |
| Thigh Bone | Femur |
| Femur | only bone in the thigh; longest & strongest bone in the body |
| Fovea Capits | a small central pit where a ligament runs to acetabulum of pelvis to help secure the femur |
| Broken hip | occurs at neck of femur |
| Femur markings | sites of muscle attachement |
| Patellar surface | on the anterior part of condyles to articulate with patella |
| Patella | knee cap bone |
| Leg Bones | tibia and fibula |
| Tibia | proximal end articulates with femoral condyles; distal end has a flat surface that articulates with the talus |
| Medial malleous | articulates with talus |
| Fibula | Distal end is lateral mallous; medial and lateral malleous articulate with talus to form ankle |
| Potts Fx | fracture at distal end of fibula |
| Bones of foot | tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges |
| Calcaneus | heel bone; point of attachement for the calcaneal (achilles) tendon of the calf muscle |
| Calcaneal Tuerocity | portion that touches the ground |
| Sustentaculum tali | shelf like projection that supports talus |
| Talus | articulates with calcanus inferior and tibia/fibula superior to form ankle joint |
| Metatarsus | five bones that connect with philanges distally and with tarsus proximally |
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