| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Martyrs | people who suffer or die for their beliefs |
| Mesopotamia | Land between the rivers |
| Crusade | Holy War |
| Zionism | movement sought to reestablish a Jewish homeland in Palestine |
| Koran | Islam Holy book |
| Shariah | highest authority in Islamic law |
| Maghreb | western isle |
| Mandate | territory administered but not owned by the League of Nations |
| Asia Minor | a large peninsula that connects Asia and Europe |
| Hejira | the migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina |
| Gospels | Christian sources that wrote the story of Jesus |
| Islam | Submission |
| Seljuks | Turkish speaking people who captured Baghdad and Anatolia |
| Balfour Declaration | declaration used to support Jews in reestablishing a home land |
| Torah | Jewish Holy Book |
| Messiah | One anointed by God |
| Nile Valley | Cradle of ancient civilization |
| Caliph | successor to the prophet |
| Intifada | uprising |
| Millet | non-muslim communties in the Ottoman Empire |
| Shah | king |
| Bible | Christian holy book |
| Hajj | pilgrimage to Mecca |
| oasis | a fertile desert area that has enough water to support plant and animal life |
| Yahweh | Judaism god |
| God | Christianity god |
| Allah | Islamic god |
| Jerusalem | Judaism Holy City |
| Bethlehem | Christianity Holy City |
| Mecca | Islamic Holy City |
| monotheism | belief in one god |
| parables | short stories with simple moral lessons |
| deity | god or goddess |
| Theodore Herzl | an Austrian Jew who created an organization promoting Zionism |
| Suez Canal | connects Mediterranean and Red Sea |
| Pan-Arabism | movement sought to unit all Arabs based on their language and culture |
| Moses | Judaism founder |
| Jesus | Christian founder |
| Muhammad | Islam leader and founder |
| Strait of Hormuz | located at the mouth of the persian gulf and is important for oil tankers |
| Ottoman Religion | Sunni |
| Safavid Religion | Shiite |
| Anti-Semitism | the fear or hatred of Jews |
Combine with other sets
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