NCLEX: Cancer
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What are risk factors for cervical CA? | Multiple sex partners, 1st intercourse young, herpes, HPV/warts, STD, smoking, AA, and >35 |
| What are S&S of cervical CA? | Discharge, spotting between period, and spotting after intercourse. |
| What are risk factors for breast CA? | Family Hx, >50, no children, 1st baby after 35, period before 12 yo, menopause after 55, high animal fat diet, exogenous estrogen, hx ovary/colon/or endometrial CA |
| What are S&S of breast CA? | Non tender mass, dimpling, inverted nipple, and discharge from nipple. |
| What are risk factors for prostate CA? | High fat diet and high testosterone level |
| What are S&S of prostate CA? | Increased frequency, decreased stream, hematuria, retention, and nocturia. |
| What are risk factors for stomach CA? | Smoked foods, men>40 yo, low intrinsic factor |
| What are S&S of stomach CA? | Anorexia, N&V, belching, heartburn, and blood in stool. |
| What are risk factors for colon CA? | Hx of polyps, high fat, low fiber diet, men>50 yo, and ulcerative colitis. |
| What are S&S of colon CA? | Abd pain, change in bowel habits, increased abdomen, decreased weight, and blood in stool. |
| What are risk factors for testicular CA? | Undescended testes and men 15-35 |
| What are S&S of testicular CA? | Increased size of testes, pain, firm mass, hydrocele, and dull ache. |
| What are risk factors for ovarian CA? | Infertile, without children, hx of endometriosis. |
| What are S&S of ovarian CA? | Increased girth, constipation, vague abd discomfort, urinary frequency. |
| What are risk factors for bladder CA? | Men, smoking, and increased infections. |
| What are S&S of bladder CA? | Painless hematuria |
| What are risk factors for larynx CA? | Smoking and alcohol |
| What are S&S of larynx CA? | Hoarseness, localized pain, lump, dysphagia, and decreased weight. |
| What are risk factors for pancreas CA? | Men, smokers, and high fat diets |
| What are S&S of pancreas CA? | N/A |
| What are risk factors for esophagus CA? | Women, Smokers, and alcohol use. |
| What are S&S of esophagus CA? | Difficulty eating |
| Are breast and ovarian cancer linked? Who is at greatest risk for getting these types of CA? | Yes linked and nuns at high risk bc don't bear children. |
| What are S&S of external radiation? | Severe N&V, Hematuria, Alopecia, Anemia, Diarrhea, and Evaluate skin for redness/dryness. |
| What teaching needs to be done for a patient undergoing external radiation? | They are not radioactive and not dangerous. The can not go swimming, can not be around crowds, and can't be out in sun. They are immunocompromised so can diet from infection (hole in spot from radiation be careful), and teach hair will grow back if lose. |
| Can someone who is immunocompromised have lettuce? | No but an apple is good. |
| What is important to know about radium implants? | Radioactive beads are placed and are very dangerous. Blood and bodily fluids are not radioactive. Beads glow but pee/poop not glowing. No radiation patients in room together because need to limit exposure to radiation. Less than 30 mins in room/shift for nurse. NO Solid foods, NEVER out of bed, pt should turn q2 hrs, expect dead tissue to come out of body, stay 6" away, use lead apron when in room, and chunks of tumor falling out=normal. |
| What should be done if a patients radioactive beads fall out? | Use lead container c tongs or radiation specialist to pick up. |
| What is important to know about adverse reactions of external radiation to the skin? | Skin may appear tanned, pink, or edematous, because radiation damages skin cells as passes through skin to target, dryness, itchiness, and flaking can develop. |
| What is important to know about adverse reactions of external radiation to head and neck? | Alopecia, mucositis (stomatitis), dry mouth (xerostomia) can all occur. |
| What is important to know about adverse reactions of external radiation to pelvis? | Diarrhea, Cystitis, vaginal stenosis, and dyspareunia (vagina is dry like prune so intercourse is painful (H20 based moisturizers). |
| What should you teach the patient undergoing radiation about hygiene? | Wash skin gently with warm soap and water and pat dry, don't wash off markings, don't use creams, lotions, etc., can use water soluble moisturizers, instruct him to protect the skin from sun, wear clothes that are loose and breathable-cotton best, and can use sitz baths to soothe perineal area. Rinse mouth out frequently with saline and avoid spicy or highly acidic foods or drinks. Eat a low residue diet, drink plenty of fluids, and use water based vaginal moisturizers. |
| What activates anticipatory vomiting in a person with chemo? | The vomiting center is activated by the cerebral cortex and limbic system, responding to anxiety and sensual stimulation previously associated with chemotherapy. |
| What should you teach to someone undergoing chemo about chemo-induced N&V? | Aniemetic must be taken for 72 hours even in the absence of symptoms to be effective, avoid caffeine and rich/spicy/or fatty foods 24 hours before and 72 hours after chemo, try six small meals instead of three normal, don't try to eat or prepare food when nauseated, to avoid unpleasant tastes brush teeth before and after meals, if have anticipatory N&V try avoid the stimuli if can't be avoided then explore systematic desensitization a technique used to relax and neutralize the stimuli. |
| What are adverse reactions to anticancer drugs? | Bone marrow suppression, anorexia, N&V, GI disturbances, alopecia, avoid pregnancy, decreased Hgb=anemia, decreased WBC=infection. |
| What drug will enhance immune system for use in cancer patients? | Nupagen |
| What kind of diet should a CA patient be on? | High protein and vitamin C (custard with strawberries). Small frequent feedings and no fluids with meal. Eat food at room temperature and take Zofran. |
| Platelets at what level for a CA patient allow them to be discharged? | 100,000 |
| What are characteristics of malignant melanoma? | ABCD= Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, and Diameter greater than 6mm (pencil eraser). |
| What is seasonal affective disorder? | Depression during winter with decrease in melatonin. |
| What is a major concern with multiple myelomas? | Hypercalcemia. Need to give calcitonin to decrease and reduce bone destruction. Increased fluids also help decrease calcium with diuresis. Patients should also ambulate and take pain medication for comfort along with chemo. Broken bones are common. |
| What are you worried about with patients who experienced burns? | BURNS=Breathing, Urine output, Resuscitation of fluid, Nutrition, and shock. |
| What is the rule of 9s? | Each arm is 9%, each leg is 18%, head is 9%, front of torso is 18% and back is 18%. |
| What is the rule of palms? | 1 palm=1% of the body (use to measure smaller areas). |
| What type of nutrition does someone suffering from burns need? | High protein high calories. |
| What drug is used to prevent infection in burn patients? | Silvadene |
| What is a good nursing diagnosis for a burn patient? | Impaired skin integrity |
| What are appropriate nursing interventions for a burn patient? | Assess body image (art therapy), splints to prevent contractures, compression dressing to decrease scarring, curling's ulcer d/t stressful situation (antacid, carafate, etc.) and there is always scarring present. |
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