| Term | Definition |
| Pericles | mayor of Athens; starts the war with Sparta |
| Cleisthenes | Reformed Athens Constitution and set it on a democracy course. |
| Socrates | greek scholar killed for his belefe in democracy |
| Plato | greek philosopher, writer of mathematics and other subjects. |
| Aristotle | Plato's student, A philosopher. |
| Herodotus | a Greek historian, father of history |
| Darius | King of Persia, build up the military and armies of Persia. |
| Xerxes | he suppressed the revolts in Egypt and Babylon that had broken out the year before and appointed his brother Achaemenes as governor or satrap over Egypt |
| Themistocles | athenian soldier that protected people from persians. |
| Alexander the Great | Great warrior, conquered Syria, Egypt, etc. Founded Alexandria in Egypt |
| War with Sparta | war between athens and sparta were sparta won |
| war with Persia (both) | conflicts between some greek city states and and the perisan empire that lasted from 499 B.C untill 448 B.C |
| Trial of Socrates | Socrates was accused of corrupting youth and was executed |
| Golden age of Athens | Also the age of Pericles, he had improved many lives of citizens |
| Invention of Democracy | Created by Cleisthenes so that the people couldn't overthrow him and blame him for what happened. |
| Julius Caeser | he asked the citizens if he could be dictator for life, and that was an insult, they stabbed him to death |
| Republic | A republic is a state or country that is not led by a hereditary monarch (in the United States of America's terms "by the people, of the people |
| Senate | any of various legislative,or governing bodies |
| Moses | Found the ten commandments |
| Jesus | leader of christianity |
| Mohammed | messenger and prophet of god |
| Monotheism | belief that only one deity exists. Dominated by the concept of God in the Abrahamic religions, |
| Ten Commandments | Created by God and given to Moses on Mount Sinai. |
| Koran | book of divine guidance and direction for mankind |
| Roman Catholic Church | Largest Christian Church, 1/6 of world's population |
| Protestant Reformation | began with Martin Luther and may be considered to have ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. |
| William the Conquerer | Was King of England from 1606 until his death, also Duke of Normandy |
| James I | believed in divine right. He had problems with Parliament |
| Henry VIII | King of England, created the Church of England. |
| Magna Carta | An English legal charter for king John that protected the people's rights. |
| Due Process of Law | Due process (more fully due process of law) is the principle that the government must respect all of the legal rights that are owed to a person according to the law of the land, |
| Divine Right | political and religious doctrine of absolutism |
| Civil War | Between Parliamentarians and Royalists |
| Restoration | English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored under Charles II after the Interregnum that followed the English Civil War. |
| Glorious Revolution | The overthrowing of King James II of England(VII of Scotland) |
| Petition of Right | in response to a number of perceived violations of the law by Charles I in the first years of his reign |