A&P Exam 5 Head n Neck
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215 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cranial Nerves responsible for motor innervation of the face | Cranial Nerve V: Muscles that move mandible Cranial Nerve VII: Muscles of facial expression |
| Cranial nerves associated with the face regarding sensory function | Cranial Nerve V: Face (dermatome) |
| Immovable joints found only between skull bones and hold skull bones together | Suture |
| Provides case for brain, cranial meninges, cranial nerves, associated structures | Neurocranium "Cranial vault" |
| Foramen in temporal bone that houses CN VIII | Petrous portion of temporal bone |
| Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the sinus cavities, often due to allergies | Sinusitis |
| Dense connective tissue membrane-filled spaces between the cranial bones of fetuses and infants | Fontanel |
| Forms the skeleton of the lower jaw; Articulates with the cranial base at the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), and is MOVEABLE | Mandible |
| Potential hole left in frontal suture from not closing completely as a child | Metopic suture |
| A membrane that line a body cavity that opends to the exterior (Mucosa) | Mucous membrane |
| Extrinsic muscle(s) of the tongue | Genioglossus Styloglosus Palatoglossus Hyoglossus INSERT PICTURE *Genioglossus - Anesthesia* |
| Facial paralysis often follows exposure to cold; often idopathic | Bell's palsy |
| Provides case for brain, cranial meninges, cranial nerves, associated structures | Cranial vault "Neurocranium" |
| The cutaneous area developed from one embryonic spinal cord segment and receiving most of its sensory innervation from one spinal nerve | Dermatome |
| Muscles of mastication | Masseter (Elevate mandible) Temporalis (Elevate, retract mandible) Pterygoids (Lateral: ONLY muscle to DEPRESS mandible, protracts mandible; Medial elevates, protracts mandible; combined allow for side-to-side jaw movement) INSERT PICTURE |
| Attachment for ligamentum nuchae | External occipital protuberance |
| Calveria (skull cap) | Domelike roof of the cranium |
| Basicranium (Cranial base) | Floor of the cranium |
| Neurocranium (Cranial vaul+B49t) | Provides case for brain, cranial meninges, cranial nerves, associated structures |
| ... | Viscerocranium (Splanchnocranium) |
| ... | Splanchnocranium (Viscerocranium) |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Superior nuchal line | Occipital bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Superior orbital fissure | Sphenoid bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Temporal process | Zygomatic bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Turbinates | Ethmoid bone (Superior / Middle nasal conchae) |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Zygomatic arch | Temporal bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Zygomatic process | Temporal bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Perpendicular plate | Ethmoid bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Petrous portion | Temporal bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Pterygoid processes | Sphenoid bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Sella turcica | Sphenoid bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Styloid process | Temporal bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Lacrimal fossa | Lacrimal bones |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Lesser wings | Sphenoid bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Mandibular fossa | Temporal bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Mastoid process | Temporal bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Nasal conchae | Ethmoid bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Occipital condyles | Occipital bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Olfactory foramina | Ethmoid bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Optic foramina | Sphenoid bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Crista galli | Ethmoid bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: External auditory meatus | Temporal bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: External occipital protuberance | Occipital bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Foramen magnum | Occipital bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Foramen ovale | Sphenoid bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Foramen rotundum | Sphenoid bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Greater wings | Sphenoid bone |
| Name the skull bone(s) having: Alveoli | Maxilla Mandible |
| Name the foramen through which Cranial Nerve I transits. | Olfactory foramina INSERT PICTURE |
| Name the foramen through which Cranial Nerve II transits. | Optic foramen INSERT PICTURE |
| Name the foramen through which Cranial Nerve III transits. | Superior orbital fissure INSERT PICTURE |
| Name the foramen through which Cranial Nerve IV transits. | Superior orbital fissure INSERT PICTURE |
| Name the foramen through which Cranial Nerve V1 transits. | Infraorbital foramen??? Superior orbital fissure??? INSERT PICTURE |
| Name the foramen through which Cranial Nerve V2 transits. | Foramen rotundum INSERT PICTURE |
| Name the foramen through which Cranial Nerve V3 transits. | Foramen ovale INSERT PICTURE |
| Name the foramen through which Cranial Nerve VI transits. | Superior orbital fissure INSERT PICTURE |
| Name the foramen through which Cranial Nerve VII transits. | Stylomastoid foramen INSERT PICTURE |
| Name the foramen through which Cranial Nerve VIII transits. | Petrous portion of temporal bone INSERT PICTURE |
| Name the foramen through which Cranial Nerve IX transits. | Jugular foramen INSERT PICTURE |
| The skull bones joined by the Lamdoidal suture | Parietal - Occipital INSERT PICTURE |
| The skull bones joined by the Sagittal suture | Parietal - Parietal INSERT PICTURE |
| The skull bones joined by the Coronal suture | Frontal - Parietal INSERT PICTURE |
| The skull bones joined by the Squamous uture | Parietal - Temporal INSERT PICTURE |
| What are the major functions of fontanels? | Enable fetal skull to modify its size and shape as it passes through the birth canal Permit rapid growth of brain during infancy |
| What is the general relationship of fontanels and sutures? | As child grows, fontanels calcify, become site of sutures |
| Paranasal sinuses are in which bones? | Frontal - Sphenoid - Ethmoid - Maxillae |
| What is the function of paranasal sinuses? ? | Lighten skull Resonating chambers for speech |
| What type of membrane lines paranasal sinuses | Mucous membrane |
| Vertical partition that divides nasal cavity into left and right sides | Nasal septum |
| Bones that are components of the nasal septum: | Vomer Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone Septal cartlage |
| What cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication? | CN V3 (Mandibular division of Trigeminal Nerve) |
| What is the overall function of the muscles of mastication? | Protracts, elevates, or retracts mandible |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Alveolar process(es) |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Angle |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Body |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Condylar process |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Coronoid process |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Lateral pterygoid |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Mandibular foramen |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Mandibular nerve |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Mandibular notch |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Masseter |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Medial pterygoid |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Mental foramen |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Temporalis muscle |
| State which muscle(s) of mastication depresses the mandible (describe the meaning of the term "depress the mandible") | ** Lateral Pterygoid ** "Opens the jaw" |
| State which muscle(s) of mastication elevate the mandible (describe the meaning of the term "elevate the mandible") | Temporalis Masseter Merdial pterygoid "Biting" |
| State which muscle(s) of mastication moving the jaw side-to-side to grind food | Lateral pterygoid Merdial pterygoid |
| State which muscle(s) of mastication protract the mandible (describe the meaning of the term "protract the mandible") | Lateral pterygoid Merdial pterygoid "Extending mandible forward" |
| State which muscle(s) of mastication retract the mandible (describe the meaning of the term "retract the mandible" | Temporalis "Extending mandible rearward" |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Genioglossus Originates ________ Inside tip of mandible |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Styloglossus Originates ________ From styloid process |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Palatoglossus Originates ________ From hard palate |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Hyoglossus Originates ________ From hyoid bone |
| What cranial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression? | Cranial Nerve VII (Facial Nerve) |
| What gland does a portion of this nerve pass through? | Parotid gland |
| Describe the overall action of the buccinators | Presses cheeks against teeth and lips (whistling, blowing, sucking, draws corner of mouth laterally, assists in mastication [retains cheeks agains teeth against internal pressure] INSERT DRAWING Insertion of Buccinators is _______. Orbicularis oris |
| Describe the overall action of the corrugator supercilii | Draws eyebrows inferiorly and medially, wrinkles skin of forehead vertically as in frowning INSERT DRAWING Insertion of Corrugator supercilii is ________. Skin of eyebrow |
| Describe the overall action of the depressor anguli oris | Draws angles of mouth laterally and inferiorly INSERT DRAWING Insertion of Depresor anguli oris is ________. Angle of the mouth |
| Describe the overall action of the depressor labii inferioris | Depresses lower lip INSERT DRAWING Insertion of Depressor labii inferioris is ________. Skin of lower lip |
| Describe the overall action of the occipitofrontalis (frontalis) | Elevates (raises) eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally as in look of surprise INSERT DRAWING Origin of Occipitofrontalis is ________. Occipital belly: Occipital bone; Frontal belly: Galea aponeurotica Insertion of Occipitofrontalis is ________. Occipital belly: Galea aponeurotica; Frontal belly: Fascia and skin superior to eye an nose (skin, subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead) |
| Describe the overall action of the levator labii superioris | Raises (elevates) upper lip INSERT DRAWING Insertion of Levator labii superioris is ________. Skin at angle or mouth and orbicularis oris |
| Describe the overall action of the levator palpebrae superioris | Raises upper eyelid INSESRT DRWAING NOT a facial expression muscle |
| Describe the overall action of the mentalis | Elevates and protrudes lower lip and pulls up skin of chin, as in pouting INSERT DRAWING Insertion of Mentalis is ________. Skin of chin |
| Describe the overall action of the orbicularis oculi-orbital part | Closes and squints eye INSESRT DRAWING Insertion of Orbicularis oculi is ________. Circular path around orbit |
| Describe the overall action of the orbicularis oris | Closes and protrudes the lips, compresses lips against teeth, shapes lips during speech INSERT DRAWING Origin of Orbicularis oris is ________. Muscle fibers surrounding opening of mouth Insertion of Orbicularis oris is ________. Skin at the corner of the mouth |
| Describe the overall action of the platysma | Draws outer part of lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting; depresses mandible INSERT DRAWING Insertion of the Platysma is ________. Mandible, muscle around angle of mouth, skin of lower face |
| Describe the overall action of the risorius | Draws angle of the mouth laterally, as in grimacing (vs. smiling) INSERT DRAWING Insertion of the Risorius is ________. Skin at the angle of the mouth |
| Describe the overall action of the zygomaticus major | Draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally, as in smiling INSERT PICTURE?!? Origin of Zygomaticus major is ________. Zygomatic bone Insertion of Zygomaticus major is ________. Skin at angle of mouth and orbicularis oris |
| Describe the overall action of the zygomaticus minor | Raises (elevates) upper lip, exposing maxillary teeth INSERT DRAWING Origin of Zygomaticus minor is ________. Zygomatic bone Insertion of Zygomaticus minor is ________. Upper lip |
| Describe the overall action of the orbicularis oculi-palpebral part | Depresses upper eyelid and elevates lower eyelid INSESRT DRAWING Insertion of Orbicularis oculi is ________. Circular path around orbit |
| Which muscles are not muscles of facial expression, and why? | Levator labii superioris; NOT innervated by CN VII |
| The cranial nerve responsible for dermatome indicated is: INSESRT DRAWING | CN V1 (Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve) |
| The cranial nerve responsible for dermatome indicated is: INSESRT DRAWING | CN V2 Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve) |
| The cranial nerve responsible for dermatome indicated is: INSESRT DRAWING | CN V3 Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve) |
| The cranial nerve responsible for dermatome indicated is: INSESRT DRAWING | C2 (Occipital protuberance) |
| The cranial nerve responsible for dermatome indicated is: INSESRT DRAWING | C3 (Gentleman's collar) |
| What are the layers of the scalp from superficial to deep? | Skin Connective tissue - Dense Aponeurosis - Flat connective tissue connecting frontal and occipital bellies of occipitofrontalis muscle Loose connective tissue - "Danger Space" Spongelike due to many spaces Pericranium - Dense layer of connective tissue that forms the external periosteum of the calvaria |
| Which layer of the scalp is known as the "danger space" and why? | Loose connective tissue layer; Contains many spaces that may distend with fluid resulting from injury or infection. Blood, pus, or infection can spread easily wihtin the layer. Emissary veins that pass through parietal foramina in the calvaria allow potential transport of infection into brain. |
| Where is the hyoid bone located? | Anterior to vertebrae, inferior to mandible, surrounding trachea iNSERT DRAWING |
| What is the function of the hyoid bone? | Supports tongue, provides attachment for tongue, neck, pharyngeal muscles |
| What bone does not articulate with any other bones in the axial skeleton? | Hyaloid bones |
| What is the overall action of the suprahyoid muscles as a group? | Elevate the hyoid Elevate the floor of the oral cavity Elevate tongue during swallowing |
| What is the specific action of the digastric muscle? | Opens the mouth What muscle of mastication has the same action? Lateral ptyrogoids |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Digastric |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Stylohyoid |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Mylohyoid |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Geniohyoid |
| What is another name for the infrahyoid muscles based on their appearance? | "Strap" muscles |
| What is the overall action of the infrahyoid muscles as a group? | Depress the hyoid bone Move larynx during swallowing and speech |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Omohyoid |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Sternohyoid |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Sternothyroid |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Thyrohyoid |
| What is the overall general motor innervation of the infrahyoid muscles? | Cranial Nerve XII Hypoglossal |
| What are the differences in the normal branches of the arch of the aorta to the arms and head on the right side of the body versus the left side of the body? | Brachiocephalic trunk: Right Side L. Subclavian, L. Carotid: Left side |
| Name the paired arteries that furnish blood to the brain. | Internal carotid arteries |
| Where is the Circle of Willis located? | Inferior to brain, anterior to pons |
| The function of the Circle of Willis is to ________. | Important in controlling blood supply to the brain when pressure varies in one or more of the major arteries; Provide alternate pathways for blood to travel in event of blockage or occlusion |
| Arteries supplying the Circle of Willis are ________. | Internal carotid arteries; Basilar artery |
| What spinal nerve roots comprise the origin of the phrenic nerve? | C3, C4, C5 |
| What muscles does the ansa cervicalis supply motor innervation to? | Omohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Identify the muscles both by general functional and location description, as well as by individual name recognized from a list. |
| The muscles involved with the temporomandibular joint: | Temporal Masseter Lateral pterygoid Medial pterygoid INSERT DRAWING |
| The bones involved with the temporomandibular joint: | Mandible articulating with the Temporal bone |
| What are the two major triangles of the neck? | Anterior triangle Posterior triangle |
| Subdivisions of the Anterior triangle in the neck are ________, ________, ________, and ________. | Submental triangle Submandibular triangle Carotid triangle Muscular triangle |
| Subdivisions of the Posterior triangle in the neck are ________ and ________. | Occipital triangle Subclavian triangle |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Anterior triangle of the neck |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Posterior triangle of the neck |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Occipital triangle of Posterior triangle of the neck |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Subclavian triangle of Posterior triangle of the neck |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Submental triangle of Anterior triangle of the neck |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Submandibular triangle of Anterior triangle of the neck |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Carotid triangle of Anterior triangle of the neck |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Muscular triangle of Anterior triangle of the neck |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Accessory nerve | Posterior - Occipital triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Cervical plexus | Posterior - Occipital triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Common carotid artery | Anterior - Carotid triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the External carotid artery | Anterior - Carotid triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Facial artery | Anterior - Submandibular triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Facial vein | Anterior - Submandibular triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Internal carotid artery | Anterior - Carotid triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Infrahyoid muscles | Anterior - Muscular triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Internal jugular vein | Anterior - Carotid triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Larynx | Anterior - Carotid triangle, Muscular |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Occipital artery | Posterior - Occipital triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Parathyroid glands | Anterior - Muscular triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Subclavian artery | Posterior - Subclavian triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Subclavian vein | Posterior - Subclavian triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Submandibular gland | Anterior - Submandibular triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Thyroid gland | Anterior - Muscular triangle |
| State the neck triangle and subdivision that contains the Vagus nerve | Anterior - Carotid triangle, Submandibular triangle |
| What are the general origins and insertions of the scalene muscles? | Origins: Cervical vertebrae Insertions: Ribs |
| What are the actions of the scalene muscles? | Participate in forced INSPIRATION (Draw ribs up) |
| What is the motor innervation of the scalene muscles? | Brachialplexus, C3-C8 |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Sternocleidomastoid: action, innervation, insertion, name, origin. |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Trapezius: action, innervation. |
| Describe the location of the external jugular vein and the great auricular nerve relative to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. | Superficial to the Sternocleidomastoid |
| State the general action of the deep posterior neck muscles. | Mainly postural muscles, causing some combination of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and/or rotation at the altanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Rectus capitis posterior major |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Rectus capitis posterior minor |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Obliquus capitis inferior (Inferior oblique) |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Obliquus capitis superior (Superior oblique) |
| What are the names of the two groups of muscles in the anterior neck? | Suprahyoid Infrahyoid What features place muscles into each group? Locaton relative to the hyoid bone |
| Vertebral arteries branch from which arteries? | Subclavian arteries Vertebral arteries travel through what? Transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae |
| The structure formed by vertebral arteries on the ventral surface of the pons | Unpaired basilar artery |
| Internal carotid arteries branch from which artery? | Common carotid artery Internal carotid arteries travel to the surface of the brain through the ________. Carotid canal(s) [Carotid foramina] |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | External carotid |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Facial |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Inferior labial |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Internal carotid |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Maxillary |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Mental |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Occipital |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Superficial temporal |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Superior labial |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Supraorbital |
| Which major artery of the head provides the major arterial supply to the face? | Facial artery |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | External jugular vein |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Facial vein |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Internal jugular vein |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Occipital vein |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Posterior auricular vein |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Superficial temporal vein |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Vertebral vein |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Ansa cervicalis |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Great auricular nerve |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Lesser occipital nerve |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Phrenic nerve |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Supraclavicular nerve |
| INSERT DIAGRAM | Transverse cervical nerve |
| The Great auricular nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to what? | Skin over the parotid gland, mastoid process, auricle, and the area of skin from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process (posterioinferior part of the face and inferior part of the auricle) iNSERT DIAGRAM |
| The Lesser occipital nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to what? | Supplies the skin of the neck and scalp posterosuperior to the auricle INSERT DIAGRAM |
| The Supraclavicular nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to what? | Supply the skin over the shoulder INSERT DIAGRAM |
| The Transverse cervical nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to what? | Supplies the skin covering the anterior cervical region INSERT DIAGRAM |
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