Ch. 8 Human Population
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11 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 demographic transition | the process by which a country moves from relatively high birth and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates |
| demography | the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations |
| industrial stage | the third stage of the demographic transition model, characterized by falling birth rates that close the gap with falling death rates and reduce the rate of population growth |
| IPAT model | I = P x A x T, where I = Total Impact, P = Population, A=Affluence, T=Technology |
| life expectancy | the average age that a newborn infant can expect to attain in a particular time and place |
| natural rate of population change | change due to birth and death rates alone, excluding migration |
| post-industrial stage | the fourth and final stage of the demographic transition model, in which both birth and death rates have fallen to a low level and remain stable there, and populations may even decline slightly |
| pre-industrial stage | the first stage of the demographic transition model, characterized by conditions that defined most of human history; high birth and death rates |
| replacement fertility | the number of children a couple must have to replace themselves (2.1 developed, 2.7 developing) |
| total fertility rate (TFR) | the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years |
| transitional stage | the second stage of the demographic transition model, which occurs during the transition from the pre-industrial stage to the industrial stage; characterized by declining death rates, but continued high birth rates |
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