Data

Copy and paste the text below. It is read-only. Select All

biggest risk factor bladder C smoking (irritates bladder lining) 2 s/s bladder C painless; intermittent gross/ microscopic hematuria Dx bladder C cystoscopy 4 Tx bladder C surgery (removal of all/part; urinary diversion = urostomy); ileal conduit (bladder made from ileum, empty by stoma); increase fluids (2 - 3 L per day); change appliance in morning (lower output) 5 teachings re bladder C may be impotent, note hourly I & O (look for changes), mucus production is normal, OK to use 4X4 during skin care for absorption (remember to remove it) 3 s/s prostate C s/s of benign prostate hyperplasia (hesitancy, frequency, freq infections, nocturia, urgency, dribbling, or no s/s); painless hematuria; hard, nodular prostate w/ digital rectal exam 2 major Dx for prostate C lab work, biopsy (to confirm) 3 lab tests prostate C PSA (prostate specific antigen), alkaline phosphatase (increase means bone metastasis), acid phosphastase (increase means bone metastasis) describe PSA test blood test for protein from only prostate, normal = <4 ng/mL, start testing by age 45 if 2 or more 1st degree relatives with prostate C 5 prostate Tx waiting (prostate C can be slow growing, wait to die from other diseases); SURGERY; radiation; chemo; hormone therapy 2 types surgery for prostate C RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY for localized cancer (can be a cure, may cause erectile dysfunction, incontenence); PROSTATECTOMY (also transurethral resection of the prostate) - usually for helping urine flow with BPH NCLEX rule for any implementation question do assessment first post surgery catheter caution don't manually irrigate w/o physician order long teaching list for prostatectomy post op bleeding common; continuous bladder irrigation (maintains patency, flush clots, 3-way catheter, subtract irrigant from output), look for retention after catheter, temp incontinence (Kegel), avoid sitting, driving, exercise, lift >20 lb, straining (all to avoid bleeding) 3 types hormone therapy for prostate C bilateral orchiectomy (decreased testosterone); estrogens; leuprolide (Lupron) prostate C drugs for bladder spasm, straining SPASM: belladonna & opium suppository (B&O suppository); STRAINING: docusate (Colace) to prevent bleeding 7 risk factors for stomach C H-pylori infection, pernicious anemia, achlorhydria, some foods (pickled, salted, nitrates), tobacco, ETOH, Billroth II (partial gastrectomy w/ anastomosis) 2 common s/s for stomach C heartburn, abd discomfort less common s/s stomach C loss appatite or wt, bloody stool, coffee-ground vomitus, jaundice (liver etastasis), epigastric & back pain, feeling full, anemia, + stool for occult blood, obstruction (abd distension, N/V, pain) 3 Dx for stomach C upper GI, CT, EGD (esophagogastroduadenoscopy) 3 Tx stomach C surgery (preferred = gastrectomy); chemo; radiation 2 major complications from gastrectomy dumping syndrome; B-12 deficient anemia (pernicious anemia) discuss B-12 problem with gastrectomy no stomach = no intrinsic factor, can't absorb oral B-12, make poor RBCs, need IM B12 for life 2 nursing interventions for gastrectomy use Fowlers position (low suture stress); use NG tube for decompression (not OK to reposition NG tube) chemo drugs for stomach C Fluorouracil (5-FU); Doxorubicin (Adriamycin); Mutamycin (Mitomycin-C); Cisplatin (Platinol-AQ)