Atomic Structure
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The AUFBAU Principle | When building up the electron configuration of an atom, electrons are placed in orbitals, subshells and shells in order of increasing energy. |
| The Pauli Exclusion Principle | Within an atom, no two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers. So each electron in any atom has its own distinct set of four quantum numbers. |
| Hund's Rule | When an electron is added to a subshell, it will always occupy an empty orbital if one is available. Electrons always occupy orbitals singly if possible and pair up only if no empty orbitals are available. |
| Diamagnetic | All of the electrons are spin paired |
| Paramagnetism | Not all of the electrons are spin paired |
| Change in E | hv = hc/wavelength |
| Dalton's Elements | 1) Many different kinds of atoms, called elements. 2) Elements combine to form compounds. 3) These compounds always contain the same ration of elements. 4) Atoms are never created or destroyed in chemical reactions. |
| Mendeleev and Meyer | Both independently proposed current periodic table |
| Thomson | Cathode ray tube. Atoms have positive and negative charges. |
| Milikan | Charge of an electron. Oil drops experiment |
| Rutherford | Gold foil experiment. Positive charge in the center of the atom. Atom mostly empty space. |
| Planck | Electromagnetic energy is quantized. |
| Bohr | Electrons orbit the nucleus. Only works for atoms and ions with one electron. |
| The Heisenburg Uncertainty Principle | Impossible to know both the position and momentum of an electron at a particular instant. |
| de Broglie | All matter has wave characteristics. The behavior of electrons is better described in terms of waves than particles |
| The de Broglie Equation | wavelength = h / mv |
| Atomic Radius | Top Right Smallest, Bottom Left Biggest |
| Atomic Radius of Cations | Smaller than Atoms |
| Atomic Radius of Anions | Larger than Atoms |
| Ionization Energy (definition) | The amount of energy to remove an electron. |
| Ionization Energy (Where) | Top Right has the Largest, Bottom Left Smallest |
| Electron Affinity (definition) | The change in energy of an atom when an electron is added to it. When the addition of an electron makes the atom more stable, energy is given off. |
| Electron Affinity (Where) | Top Right has the Largest, Bottom Left Smallest (Mostly by Group) |
| Electronegativity (definition) | How strongly the nucleus of an atom attracts the electrons of other atoms in a bond. |
| Electronegativity (Where) | Highest for Fluorine |
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