Biology A Ch. 7-3
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saralicious88 on July 16, 2011
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 thin, flexible, cell membrane | All cells are surrounded by a _________ and __________ barrier known as the ____________ _____________. |
| strong, cell wall | Many cells also produce a ____________ supporting layer around the membrane known as the _________ ______________. |
| what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support. | The cell membrane regulates |
| a double-layered sheet called a lipid bilayer. | What is the composition of nearly all cell membranes? |
| flexible, barrier | The lipid bilayer gives cell membranes a _____________ structure that forms a _____________ between the cell and its surroundings. |
| protein molecules embedded in the lipid bilayer, some of which have carbohydrate molecules attached to them. | What do most cell membranes contain? |
| to provide support and protection for the cell. | What is the main function of the cell wall? |
| plants, algae, fungi, and many prokaryotes. | Cell walls are found in |
| outside | The cell wall lies ________ the cell membrane. |
| liquid | Every living cell exists in a _____________ environment. |
| cell membrane | The ___________ ____________ regulates movement of dissolved molecules from the liquid on one side of the membranes to the liquid on the other side. |
| A mixture of two or more substances | solution |
| solutes | The substances dissolved in the solution are called |
| concentration, mass/volume | The _____________ of a solution is the mass of a solute in a given volume of solution, or ________/_________. |
| more concentrated, less concentrated | Particles in a solution tend to move from an area where they are _______ ____________ to an area where they are ________ ________________. |
| process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated | diffusion |
| the concentration of the solute is the same throughout the system | Equilibrium occurs when |
| random, energy | Diffusion depends on _________ particle movements. Therefore, substances diffuse across membranes without requiring the cell to use _____________. |
| the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. | Osmosis |
| diffuse, concentrated | Water tends to _____________ from a highly ________________ region to a less concentrated region. |
| is the more concentrated solution when you compare two sulutions. | A "hypertonic" solution |
| has the same concentration on both sides of a membrane. | A "isotonic" solution |
| is the more dilute (less concentrated) solution when compared across a membrane. | A "hypotonic" solution |
| hypertonic, permeable | Osmosis exerts a pressure known as osmotic pressure on the ____________ side of a selectively ________________ membrane. |
| hypertonic | Because the cell is filled with salts, sugars, proteins, and other molecules, it will almost always be ______________ to fresh water. |
| pressure, into, volume | If a cell is hypertonic the osmotic ___________ should produce a net movement of water _________ the cell. As a result, the ____________ of the cell will increase until the cell becomes swollen or bursts. |
| channels, carriers | Cell membranes have protein _____________ that act as _____________, making it easy for certain molecules to cross. |
| the movement of specific molecules across cell membranes trough protein channels. | Facilitated diffusion is |
| higher, molecules | Facilitated diffusion will only occur if there is a ____________ concentration of the particular ______________ on one side of a cell membrane as compared to the other side. |
| when cells move materials in the opposite direction from which the materials would ordinarilly move- or against the concentration difference. | Active transport is |
| energy | Active transport requires ___________. |
| ions, proteins | In active transport, small molecules and ________ are carried across membranes by ____________ in the membrane. |
| Larger, solid | ____________ molecules and even __________ clumps of material may undergo active transport by means of the cell membrane. |
| the process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane. | What is endocytosis? |
| vacuole | The pocket breaks loose from the outer portion of the cell membrane and forms a ___________ within the cytoplasm. |
| phagocytosis and pinocytosis | Two examples of endocytosis are: |
| extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole. The cell then engulfs it. | In phagocytosis |
| tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles within the cell. | In pinocytosis |
| exocytosis | The release of large amounts of material from the cell is called |
| fuses, out | During exocytosis, the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material ______________ with the cell membrane, forcing the contents ____________ of the cell. |
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