Module 15A: Chemical Digestion and Absorption
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 conversion poysaccharides to disaccharides and finally monosaccharides | Describe the chemical digestion of carbohydrates: |
| salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, brush border enzymes lactase | What enzymes are involve in carbohydrate digestion? |
| mouth, stomach, small intestine | Where does digestion of carbohydrates take place |
| gastric acid, pepsin, pancreatic juice (trypsin and chymotrypsin), BBE peptidase | What enzymes are involved in the digestion of proteins |
| gastric acid denatures protein, pepsin protein to peptides and pancreatic juice peptides to amino acids | Function of gastric acid, pepsin, pancreatic juice |
| stomach, small intestine | Where does digestion of proteins take place |
| lipids to monoglycerides and fatty acids | Describe chemical digestion of lipids |
| bile and pancreatic lipase | What enzymes are involved in the digestion of lipids |
| bile - emulsifies fate; pancreatic lipase breaksdown triglycerides to monoglycerides and fatty acids | Function of bile, pancreatic lipase |
| mouth, stomach, small intestine (major) | Where does digestion of lipids take place? |
| pentoses, phosphates, nitrogenous bases | What forms of nucleic acid digestion are absorbed |
| pancreatic nucleases, brush border enzyme phosphatase | What enzymes are involved in the digestion of nucleic acids |
| monosaccharides and amino acids are transported across epithelial cells of villi from lumen either through active transport or cotransport with Na+. monosaccharides enter blood capillary of villus by facilitated diffusion, a.a. by diffusion then transported to the liver either to be removed by hepatocytes or will enter general circulation | Describe the route of monosaccharides and amino acids from the lumen of the intestine to the general circulation |
| bile salts form micelles, where fatty acids and monoglycerides dissolve in the core and the micelles carry fatty acids and monoglycerides to apical surface of epithelial cells of villi for absorption, bile salts are then release absorbed by the ileum and recycled to the liver thru the hepatic portal system; formation of chylomicrons occurs when fatty acids and glycerols in epithelial cells of villus combine to form triglycerides and are coated with protein | Describe the absorption of lipids to include role of bile salts and micelles |
| fatty acids and glycerols in epithelial cells of villus combine to form triglycerides and are coated with protein | Formation of chylomicrons |
| chylomicrons leave epithelial cells via exocytosis enter lymphatic lacteals of villi, go to lymphatic vessels, then the thoracic duct, left subclavian vein and finally to general circulation where they are quickly removed by the liver and adipose cell | Route of chylomicrons to general Circulation |
| vitamin K and B produced by bacterial flora | Name two vitamins produced and absorbed in the large intestine |
| vitamin B12 combines with intrinsic factor (produced by the parietal cells of the stomach) complex is absorbed via receptor mediated endocytosis in the ileum of the small intestine | Describe the absorption of vitamine B12 |
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