Orgo Ch. 3
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Created by:
meredithredick on July 16, 2011
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 formula for alkane | C2H(2N+2) |
| angle strain (Baeyer strain) | the strain associated with compressing bond angles to smaller (or larger) angles |
| anti conformation | a conformation with a 180 degree dihedral angle between the largest groups. usually the lowest-energy conformation. |
| bridged bicyclic compound | a compound containing two rings joined at nonadjacent carbons. |
| bridgehead carbons | the carbons bridging two separate rings. |
| ring flip | switching from one chair conformation to the next, with all the axial and equatorial positions reversed. the boat conformation is an intermediate for this interconversion. |
| conformers | structures that are related by rotations about single bonds. in most cases, conformations interconvert at room temperature, and so they are not true isomers |
| conformations of cyclohexanes: | 1. chair-most stable 2. boat: less stable 3. twist boat- more stable version of twist boat (twist reduces torsional strain and steric strain) 4. half-chair |
| flagpole hydrogens | two hydrogens in the boat conformation point upward like flagpoles. |
| 1,3 diaxial interaction | the strong steric strain between two axial groups on cyclohexane carbons with one carbon between them. |
| degree of alkyl substitution | primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary |
| dihedral angle | the angle between two specified groups in a newman projection. |
| gauche conformation | a conformation with a 60 degree dihedral angle between the largest groups |
| halogenation | the reaction of alkanes with halogens, in the presence of heat or light, to give products with halogen atoms substituted for hydrogen atoms. |
| heat of combustion | the heat given off when a mole of a compound is burned in a bomb calorimeter. |
| homologs | two compounds that differ only by one or more -CH2 groups (eg ethane vs. propane) |
| kerosene | a thin, volatile hydrocarbon with a boiling range between that of diesel fuel and that of gasoline. |
| methane hydrate | an icelike substance consisting of individual methane molecules trapped inside cages of water molecules |
| methine group | carbon bonded to two other things and one hydrogen |
| methylene group | --CH2-- |
| paraffins | alkanes |
| ring strain | angle strain (baeyer strain): bond angle compression or expansion torsional strain: the strain associated with eclipsing of bonds in the ring. |
| skew conformation | any conformation that is not precisely staggered or eclipsed. |
| spirocyclic compound | bicyclic compounds in which the two rings share only one carbon atom. |
| torsional energy | the energy required to twist a bond into a specific conformation. |
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